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S/F II > Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ and _____ integrate the bodies 2 controlled systems

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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2
Q

What regulates pituitary gland secretion?

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

The hypothalamus regulates pituitary gland secretion in response to these 3 things

A

other hormones
sensory info
emotions

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4
Q

What structure in the master regulator and located at the base of the brain?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

infundibulum (stalk)

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6
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary gland via ….

A

blood vessels

portal system!!!

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7
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the posterior pituitary gland via ….

A

neural pathways

TRACT!

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8
Q

Neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus create the …..

A

hypophyseal tract

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9
Q

What sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone (1cm = pea)

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

Where does the pituitary get its arterial blood supply?

A

hypophyseal branches of internal carotid arteries

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11
Q

Where does pituitary have its veins drain to?

A

dural sinuses

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12
Q

Which part of the pituitary is more cellular?

A

Anterior

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13
Q

What is the master gland

A

anterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

what is formed when glandular epithelium develops from an out pocket of rood of oral cavity (connection to oral cavity severed)?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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15
Q

what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

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16
Q

What involves capillary beds to veins to 2nd capillary beds in the anterior pituitary gland

A

portal system

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17
Q

what is the thin band of tissue that has no adult function but produces MSH in fetuses?

A

Pars intermedia

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18
Q

What is the posterior pituitary also called

A

neurohypohysis

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19
Q

What is the anterior pituitary gland composed of (2)

A

pituicytes and nerve fibersh

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20
Q

What releases neurohormones and neuropeptides that are made in the hypothalamus?

A

posterior pituitary gland

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21
Q

The posterior pituitary gland only _____ and does not make them

A

STORES

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22
Q

What are the 6 hormones made in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Prolactin
GH
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

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23
Q

What are the 2 hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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24
Q

The hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland are stored in what structure?

A

axon terminals

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25
Q

What hypothalamus hormone stimulates anterior pituitary hormone secretion?

A

releasing hormones

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26
Q

What hypothalamus hormone inhibits anterior pituitary gland hormone secretion?

A

inhibiting hormone

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27
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete tropic hormones into?

A

Secondary Capillary Plexus

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28
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete
RH and IH to before it enters the portal veins?

A

Primary Capillary plexus

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29
Q

The hypothalamus’ target is the ….

A

anterior pituitary gland

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30
Q

GHRH does…

A

increases GH

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31
Q

GHIH does…

A

inhibits GH and TSH (somatostatin)

32
Q

TRH (thyrotropin) does…

A

increases TSH

33
Q

CRH (corticotropin) does…

A

Increases ACTH

34
Q

GnRH (gonadotropic) does…

A

Increases FSH and LH

35
Q

PIH (prolactin) does…

(dopamine)

A

Inhibits PRL

36
Q

ADh is also called…

A

Vasopressin (vasoconstrictor)

— increase BP

37
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

Maintain water balance, water resorption, and preventing urine formation

38
Q

What hormone acts on the kidney tubules (when urine is made)

39
Q

What triggers ADH?

A

pain, low BP, nicotine, morphine, barbituates

40
Q

ADH can increase BP in cases of…

A

severe blood loss

41
Q

Why do you still have ADH if posterior pituitary gland is removed?

A

It is only stored in the posterior pituitary gland

42
Q

The rate of ADH secretion is dependent on response to changes in ______ and ________

A

Blood osmolality and blood volume

43
Q

What is # of moles of solute in water x # of particles into which the solute dissovles

A

osmolality

44
Q

Osmolality is directly proportional to the concentration of _____

45
Q

What receptors detect changes in osmolality?

A

osmoreceptors

46
Q

What receptors detect changes in BP

A

baroreceptors

47
Q

ADH is inhibited by … (3)

A

xs water, diuretics, and alcohol

48
Q

What disease is associated with ADH deficiency, extreme thirst, and frequent urination?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

49
Q

What causes diabetes insipidus? (2)

A

pituitary tumor and head trauma

50
Q

Diabetes insipidus is life threatening when…

A

in coma or compromised

51
Q

What disease results in too much ADH

52
Q

What causes SIADH

A

neurosurgery, cancer, meds, anesthesia

53
Q

Symptoms of SIADH

A

brain edema
fluid retention
headache
disorientation
weight gain
blood dilution

54
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

FLUID RESTRICTION
watch na+ levels
correct slowly

55
Q

What happens id you correct SIADH fast?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis = death

56
Q

What posterior pituitary gland hormone is made of PV nuclei

57
Q

What is artificial oxytocin

58
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

stimulates uterine contractions
breastfeeding
stops postpartum bleeding

59
Q

What is the love hormone?

60
Q

Why is the anterior pituitary gland the master gland?

A

secretes most # of hormones

61
Q

What hormones stimulate other glands (endocrine to endocrine) and regulate secretory action

A

tropic hormones

62
Q

TSH does…

A

increases TH levels

63
Q

What thyroid hormone is needed for normal development and to maintain metabolism?

64
Q

ACTH does … (adrenocorticotropic)

A

stimules adrenal cortex AND increases cortisol secretion

65
Q

What hormones levels peak in the AM

66
Q

What are triggers for ACTH release

A

fever, hypogycemia, stress

67
Q

What is the precursor protein to ACTH

A

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

68
Q

FSH does …

A

Stimulates follicle maturation, sperm production, and estrogen secretion

69
Q

LH does

A

ovulation and progesterone secretion and testosterone production,

activates puberty

70
Q

Affect nonendocrine targets release from …

A

acidofil cells

71
Q

growth hormone (somatotropin_ does..`

A

increase tissue growth and increase bone growth

72
Q

What is disorder of proportionate enlargement where there is a lot of GH before epiphyseal plates are closed

73
Q

increases GH after epiphyseal plates are closed that affects face, hands and feet

A

acromegaly

74
Q

decreased Gh, small stature, may not be proportional

A

pituitary dwarfism

75
Q

What does PRL do?

A

milk production

76
Q

What is the most frequent abnormality of anterior pituitary tumors

S/F II (12 decks)

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