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S/F II > Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ and _____ integrate the bodies 2 controlled systems

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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2
Q

What regulates pituitary gland secretion?

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

The hypothalamus regulates pituitary gland secretion in response to these 3 things

A

other hormones
sensory info
emotions

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4
Q

What structure in the master regulator and located at the base of the brain?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

infundibulum (stalk)

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6
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary gland via ….

A

blood vessels

portal system!!!

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7
Q

The hypothalamus regulates the posterior pituitary gland via ….

A

neural pathways

TRACT!

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8
Q

Neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus create the …..

A

hypophyseal tract

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9
Q

What sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone (1cm = pea)

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

Where does the pituitary get its arterial blood supply?

A

hypophyseal branches of internal carotid arteries

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11
Q

Where does pituitary have its veins drain to?

A

dural sinuses

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12
Q

Which part of the pituitary is more cellular?

A

Anterior

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13
Q

What is the master gland

A

anterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

what is formed when glandular epithelium develops from an out pocket of rood of oral cavity (connection to oral cavity severed)?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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15
Q

what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

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16
Q

What involves capillary beds to veins to 2nd capillary beds in the anterior pituitary gland

A

portal system

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17
Q

what is the thin band of tissue that has no adult function but produces MSH in fetuses?

A

Pars intermedia

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18
Q

What is the posterior pituitary also called

A

neurohypohysis

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19
Q

What is the anterior pituitary gland composed of (2)

A

pituicytes and nerve fibersh

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20
Q

What releases neurohormones and neuropeptides that are made in the hypothalamus?

A

posterior pituitary gland

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21
Q

The posterior pituitary gland only _____ and does not make them

A

STORES

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22
Q

What are the 6 hormones made in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Prolactin
GH
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

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23
Q

What are the 2 hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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24
Q

The hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland are stored in what structure?

A

axon terminals

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25
What hypothalamus hormone stimulates anterior pituitary hormone secretion?
releasing hormones
26
What hypothalamus hormone inhibits anterior pituitary gland hormone secretion?
inhibiting hormone
27
What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete tropic hormones into?
Secondary Capillary Plexus
28
What does the hypothalamus secrete RH and IH to before it enters the portal veins?
Primary Capillary plexus
29
The hypothalamus' target is the ....
anterior pituitary gland
30
GHRH does...
increases GH
31
GHIH does...
inhibits GH and TSH (somatostatin)
32
TRH (thyrotropin) does...
increases TSH
33
CRH (corticotropin) does...
Increases ACTH
34
GnRH (gonadotropic) does...
Increases FSH and LH
35
PIH (prolactin) does... (dopamine)
Inhibits PRL
36
ADh is also called...
Vasopressin (vasoconstrictor) --- increase BP
37
What is the role of ADH?
Maintain water balance, water resorption, and preventing urine formation
38
What hormone acts on the kidney tubules (when urine is made)
ADH
39
What triggers ADH?
pain, low BP, nicotine, morphine, barbituates
40
ADH can increase BP in cases of...
severe blood loss
41
Why do you still have ADH if posterior pituitary gland is removed?
It is only stored in the posterior pituitary gland
42
The rate of ADH secretion is dependent on response to changes in ______ and ________
Blood osmolality and blood volume
43
What is # of moles of solute in water x # of particles into which the solute dissovles
osmolality
44
Osmolality is directly proportional to the concentration of _____
Solutes
45
What receptors detect changes in osmolality?
osmoreceptors
46
What receptors detect changes in BP
baroreceptors
47
ADH is inhibited by ... (3)
xs water, diuretics, and alcohol
48
What disease is associated with ADH deficiency, extreme thirst, and frequent urination?
Diabetes Insipidus
49
What causes diabetes insipidus? (2)
pituitary tumor and head trauma
50
Diabetes insipidus is life threatening when...
in coma or compromised
51
What disease results in too much ADH
SIADH
52
What causes SIADH
neurosurgery, cancer, meds, anesthesia
53
Symptoms of SIADH
brain edema fluid retention headache disorientation weight gain blood dilution
54
Treatment for SIADH
FLUID RESTRICTION watch na+ levels correct slowly
55
What happens id you correct SIADH fast?
Central pontine myelinolysis = death
56
What posterior pituitary gland hormone is made of PV nuclei
oxytocin
57
What is artificial oxytocin
pitocin
58
What does oxytocin do?
stimulates uterine contractions breastfeeding stops postpartum bleeding
59
What is the love hormone?
oxytocin
60
Why is the anterior pituitary gland the master gland?
secretes most # of hormones
61
What hormones stimulate other glands (endocrine to endocrine) and regulate secretory action
tropic hormones
62
TSH does...
increases TH levels
63
What thyroid hormone is needed for normal development and to maintain metabolism?
TH
64
ACTH does ... (adrenocorticotropic)
stimules adrenal cortex AND increases cortisol secretion
65
What hormones levels peak in the AM
ACTH
66
What are triggers for ACTH release
fever, hypogycemia, stress
67
What is the precursor protein to ACTH
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
68
FSH does ...
Stimulates follicle maturation, sperm production, and estrogen secretion
69
LH does
ovulation and progesterone secretion and testosterone production, activates puberty
70
Affect nonendocrine targets release from ...
acidofil cells
71
growth hormone (somatotropin_ does..`
increase tissue growth and increase bone growth
72
What is disorder of proportionate enlargement where there is a lot of GH before epiphyseal plates are closed
gigantism
73
increases GH after epiphyseal plates are closed that affects face, hands and feet
acromegaly
74
decreased Gh, small stature, may not be proportional
pituitary dwarfism
75
What does PRL do?
milk production
76
What is the most frequent abnormality of anterior pituitary tumors
xs PRL

S/F II (33 decks)

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