Ch. 8 Flashcards
The various chemical processes that permit the body to grow, reproduce, and maintain and repair itself are called:
A) catabolism.
B) respiration.
C) metabolism.
D) depolarization.
C) metabolism.
Page Ref: 151
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Potassium pump
C) Mitochondria
Page Ref: 155
Objective: 8.4 Describe the anatomy and physiology of a typical body cell.
Which of the following BEST defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A) It is created in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
B) It is created when the body lacks sufficient oxygen.
C) It is produced in the nucleus from glucose and other nutrients.
D) It is produced in the mitochondria from glucose and DNA.
A) It is created in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
Page Ref: 151
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is the:
A) mitochondria.
B) ribosomes.
C) nucleus.
D) sodium pump.
B) ribosomes.
Page Ref: 155
Objective: 8.4 Describe the anatomy and physiology of a typical body cell.
Tissues come together to form:
A) organs.
B) cells.
C) systems.
D) bones.
A) organs.
Page Ref: 157
Objective: 8.3 Describe each of the levels of organization of the human body.
What type of tissue stimulates muscle to contract?
A) Connective
B) Epithelial
C) Nervous
D) Fatty
C) Nervous
Page Ref: 164
Objective: 8.3 Describe each of the levels of organization of the human body.
Which level of organization in the body performs the MOST complex set of functions?
A) Systems
B) Organs
C) Tissues
D) Bones
A) Systems
Page Ref: 158
Objective: 8.3 Describe each of the levels of organization of the human body.
Within the heart, the cycle consisting of the movement of ions and the associated differences in electrical charge across the cell membranes is called the:
A) diastole.
B) systole.
C) sodium action pump.
D) cardiac action potential.
D) cardiac action potential.
Page Ref: 177
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
You are called for man who has chest pain. His vital signs show a blood pressure of 90/62 and a very irregular pulse. Based on this information, you should suspect which of the following?
A) Dehydration leading to hypotension
B) Mechanical malfunction of the heart
C) Anaphylaxis-induced vasodilation
D) A possibility of a drug interaction
B) Mechanical malfunction of the heart
Page Ref: 178
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
Your patient is unable to take a deep breath due to rib fractures. He is having headaches, is nauseated and feels weak. You note that his skin is red and flushed, leading you to suspect he has become acidotic. How does the body try to reestablish homeostasis?
A) The kidneys retain increased amounts of bicarbonate.
B) The bladder retains more lactic acid.
C) There is a decrease in the respiratory rate.
D) The kidneys allow more bicarbonate to be removed.
A) The kidneys retain increased amounts of bicarbonate.
Page Ref: 197
Objective: 8.6 Describe the regulation of acid-base balance and blood gases.
Which of the following statements about the gastrointestinal system is TRUE?
A) After nutrient absorption, blood returns directly to the heart for recirculation.
B) The duodenum and ileum make up the bulk of the small intestine.
C) The blood absorbs nutrients ingested through the gastrointestinal tract.
D) Mechanical digestion takes place in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
C) The blood absorbs nutrients ingested through the gastrointestinal tract.
Page Ref: 194
Objective: 8.7 Identify the anatomy and explain the basic physiology of the following body systems: gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, male and female reproductive, and musculoskeletal.
The gastrointestinal system begins to break down food FIRST in the:
A) stomach with secretion of hydrochloric acid.
B) duodenum with the secretion of chime.
C) small intestine using peristaltic contractions.
D) mouth with the secretion of enzymes.
D) mouth with the secretion of enzymes.
Page Ref: 193
Objective: 8.7 Identify the anatomy and explain the basic physiology of the following body systems: gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, male and female reproductive, and musculoskeletal.
The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is:
A) glucose.
B) protein.
C) oxygen.
D) water.
A) glucose.
Page Ref: 150, 155
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
Which cells of the body are more sensitive than others to deprivation of glucose and oxygen?
A) Lung and liver cells
B) Heart and lung cells
C) Brain and heart cells
D) Liver and pancreas cells
C) Brain and heart cells
Page Ref: 150
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
What type of metabolism occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients?
A) Anaerobic
B) Aerobic
C) Hypoxic
D) Homeostatic
B) Aerobic
Page Ref: 151
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called:
A) homeostatic.
B) hyperoxic.
C) aerobic.
D) anaerobic.
D) anaerobic.
Page Ref: 151-152
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
Which system is primarily responsible for the removal of the carbon dioxide created during metabolism?
A) Respiratory
B) Cardiovascular
C) Urinary
D) Digestive
A) Respiratory
Page Ref: 165
Objective: 8.2 Explain the concepts of metabolism and homeostasis.
Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up:
A) humans.
B) sections.
C) systems.
D) groups.
C) systems.
Page Ref: 158
Objective: 8.3 Describe each of the levels of organization of the human body.
Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism?
A) Lactic acid
B) Carbonic acid
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Carbon monoxide
C) Carbon dioxide
Page Ref: 165
Objective: 8.3 Describe each of the levels of organization of the human body.
The respiratory control center is found in the:
A) cerebellum.
B) lungs.
C) thalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.
D) medulla oblongata.
Page Ref: 187
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
Which of the following is the normal response to an increase in hydrogen ions in the bloodstream?
A) The phrenic nerve depresses the movement of the diaphragm.
B) Chemoreceptors sense an increase in CO2, and breathing increases.
C) The kidneys allow more bicarbonate to be excreted in the urine.
D) The pH of then the cerebral spinal fluid increases.
B) Chemoreceptors sense an increase in CO2, and breathing increases.
Page Ref: 152
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
To exhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?
A) Inspiratory
B) Active
C) Passive
D) Parasympathetic
C) Passive
Page Ref: 168
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
Which of the following is the master gland that secretes tropic hormones that control the secretion of other hormones throughout the body?
A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas
C) Pituitary
Page Ref: 191
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
When stimulated, which of the following nerves is responsible for slowing the heart rate?
A) Paranasal
B) Vagus nerve
C) Phrenic
D) Cranial
B) Vagus nerve
Page Ref: 178, 187
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
The Valsalva maneuver makes use of the sensitivity of which of the following nerves?
A) Phrenic
B) Cranial
C) Paranasal
D) Vagus
D) Vagus
Page Ref: 178
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish depolarization. What cell structure makes repolarization possible?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Sodium potassium pump
D) Sodium potassium pump
Page Ref: 150
Objective: 8.8 Identify the anatomy and explain the functions, including mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, of the following systems: Cardiovascular, with particular attention to cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac output, hemodynamics, and perfusion; Endocrine, with particular emphasis on the regulation of glucose; Nervous, with particular focus on the autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors and neurotransmitters; Respiratory, with particular attention to the mechanics of ventilation, and external and internal respiration.
