Ch. 10 Flashcards
To appropriately plan treatment, you need to have:
A) a clinical impression.
B) signs of a disease process.
C) symptoms reported by the patient.
D) signs of physical trauma.
A) a clinical impression.
Page Ref: 227
Objective: 10.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Which of the following substances is unavailable in anaerobic metabolism?
A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Lactic acid
D) Oxygen
D) Oxygen
Page Ref: 238
Objective: 10.11 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cellular metabolism, including consideration of the amount of ATP produced and the removal of byproducts of energy metabolism.
Which statement is MOST correct relating to patient oxygenation concepts?
A) Ambient air at sea level contains 79 percent oxygen and has a partial pressure of 597 mmHg.
B) The concentration of oxygen in ambient air has little impact on total oxygen in the blood.
C) The partial pressure of oxygen is 159 mmHg at sea level (760 mmHg × 0.21).
D) The FiO2 is the fraction of oxygen delivered to a patient via bag-valve-mask.
C) The partial pressure of oxygen is 159 mmHg at sea level (760 mmHg × 0.21).
Page Ref: 232
Objective: 10.4 Describe the composition of ambient air as it relates to ventilation and respiration.
Which of the following BEST demonstrates the importance of understanding the basics of pathophysiology?
A) Good documentation is dependent on understanding pathophysiology.
B) Discovering the root causes of a patient’s problem to determine the specific treatment needed may be life-saving.
C) AEMTs are better able to suggest positive lifestyle changes for their patients.
D) Knowing how to treat symptoms is more important than knowing the causes.
B) Discovering the root causes of a patient’s problem to determine the specific treatment needed may be life-saving.
Page Ref: 227
Objective: 10.2 Explain the importance of understanding basic pathophysiology.
A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. As such, you realize:
A) the lung is easily over-inflated, which can cause tissue damage.
B) the patient has difficulty exhaling and will have more carbon dioxide in the blood as a result.
C) the patient has tremendous swelling to the smaller airways.
D) ventilation with a bag-valve-mask will require more effort because of stiffening of the lungs.
D) ventilation with a bag-valve-mask will require more effort because of stiffening of the lungs.
Page Ref: 234
Objective: 10.5 Explain how changes in the compliance of the lungs and chest wall and in airway resistance can affect ventilation.
Pulmonary edema within the airway structures is the MOST common cause of:
A) increased compliance.
B) decreased blood pressure.
C) increased pulse oximeter readings.
D) decreased external respiration.
D) decreased external respiration.
Page Ref: 234
Objective: 10.6 Explain how common disease processes can interfere with ventilation and with external and internal respiration.
Hypoxia becomes the main stimulus for ventilation rather than hypercarbia in patient with:
A) blepharoptosis.
B) a history of cardiac problems.
C) cirrhosis of the liver.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Page Ref: 234
Objective: 10.7 Describe the homeostatic mechanisms that attempt to correct for changes in ventilation and perfusion.
The inability of air to reach the alveoli in the lungs or the prevention of blood flow to the alveoli results in:
A) a ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
B) oxyhemoglobin dissociation.
C) hyperthermia.
D) hypothermia.
A) a ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
Page Ref: 234-236
Objective: 10.9 Explain the concept of ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding stroke volume?
A) Tachycardia over 150 bpm decreases stroke volume.
B) Stroke volume always fails to compensate if the heart rate falls below 50 bpm.
C) Stroke volume has no effect on cardiac perfusion.
D) Increased stroke volume leads to increased pulse rate.
B) Stroke volume always fails to compensate if the heart rate falls below 50 bpm.
Page Ref: 243
Objective: 10.7 Describe the homeostatic mechanisms that attempt to correct for changes in ventilation and perfusion.; 10.10 Explain the pathophysiology of shock (hypoperfusion), including the consequences of cellular hypoxia and death.
Your patient has several broken ribs and his breathing is shallow and growing more difficult. Which of the following is MOST likely occurring?
A) The tidal volume is decreasing.
B) His respiratory rate is slowing.
C) He is accumulating mucus in the airways.
D) The dead space in the airways is increasing.
A) The tidal volume is decreasing.
Page Ref: 232-233
Objective: 10.8 Explain the consequences of impaired tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute volume, as well as increases in anatomical dead space.
Which of the following is another way of describing the condition of shock?
A) Internal bleeding
B) Hypotension
C) Hypoperfusion
D) Hemorrhage
C) Hypoperfusion
Page Ref: 249
Objective: 10.10 Explain the pathophysiology of shock (hypoperfusion), including the consequences of cellular hypoxia and death.
A series of reactions that produce energy in the presence of oxygen within the cell is called:
A) aerobic metabolism.
B) glycolysis.
C) ATP transfer.
D) anaerobic metabolism.
A) aerobic metabolism.
Page Ref: 229
Objective: 10.11 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cellular metabolism, including consideration of the amount of ATP produced and the removal of byproducts of energy metabolism.
To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements?
A) Tidal volume and respiratory rate
B) Dead air space and respiratory rate
C) Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate
D) Tidal volume and dead space air
A) Tidal volume and respiratory rate
Page Ref: 232
Objective: 10.8 Explain the consequences of impaired tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute volume, as well as increases in anatomical dead space.
Which of the following consequences are seen when there is a failure of the sodium/potassium pump?
A) Alkalosis, or a decrease in hydrogen ions, occurs fairly quickly.
B) Crenation occurs, causing the cells to shrink.
C) Aerobic metabolism begins to correct the failure.
D) Massive amounts of sodium and water enter the cell.
D) Massive amounts of sodium and water enter the cell.
Page Ref: 231
Objective: 10.12 Describe the consequences of failure of the cellular sodium/potassium pump.
A 100-kg patient with a 500-mL tidal volume breathing 16 times per minute would have a minute volume of how many milliliters?
A) 8000
B) 1200
C) 1600
D) 2400
A) 8000
Page Ref: 232
Objective: 10.8 Explain the consequences of impaired tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute volume, as well as increases in anatomical dead space.
Which of the following statements regarding the forms of shock is TRUE?
A) Hypovolemic shock causes widespread vasodilation.
B) They have the same end result despite differing mechanisms.
C) Carbon monoxide increases the cells’ affinity for oxygen.
D) Cardiogenic shock increases cardiac stroke volume.
B) They have the same end result despite differing mechanisms.
Page Ref: 236
Objective: 10.13 Describe how inadequate vascular volume, inadequate heart function, and decreased peripheral vascular resistance can each lead to shock.
Which of the following leads to loss of circulating blood volume?
A) Acute myocardial infarction
B) Severe allergic reaction
C) Gastrointestinal bleeding
D) Cervical spine injury
C) Gastrointestinal bleeding
Page Ref: 241
Objective: 10.14 Give examples of conditions that can lead to loss of vascular volume, inadequate heart function, and decreased peripheral vascular resistance.
Which of the following would result from an acute myocardial infarction?
A) Inadequate heart function
B) Loss of vascular volume
C) Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
D) Intravascular hemorrhage
A) Inadequate heart function
Page Ref: 243
Objective: 10.14 Give examples of conditions that can lead to loss of vascular volume, inadequate heart function, and decreased peripheral vascular resistance.
