Ch. 16 Flashcards
Movement of air into and out of the lungs is defined as:
A) ventilation.
B) oxygenation.
C) respiration.
D) perfusion.
A) ventilation.
Page Ref: 368
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter.
What is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute?
A) Minute volume
B) External ventilation
C) Alveolar ventilation
D) Internal ventilation
C) Alveolar ventilation
Page Ref: 373
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter.
What is the MOST common cause of widespread obstruction to airflow in the lower airway?
A) Bronchoconstriction
B) Stridor
C) External respiration
D) Internal ventilation
A) Bronchoconstriction
Page Ref: 374
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter.
What is used to assesses the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the peripheral tissues?
A) Capnometry
B) Pulse oximetry
C) Peak expiratory flow rate
D) Spirometry
B) Pulse oximetry
Page Ref: 382
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter.
The following are signs of hypoxia, EXCEPT:
A) noisy breathing.
B) cyanosis.
C) a decreasing level of patient responsiveness.
D) an SpO2 of more than 95 percent.
D) an SpO2 of more than 95 percent.
Page Ref: 379
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter; 16.3 Give examples of complaints and conditions that are associated with risk of hypoxia and hypoventilation.
What is an effective ventilator rate for an adult?
A) Greater than 20 per minute
B) 12 to 20 per minute
C) 10 to 12 per minute
D) Less than 10 per minute
C) 10 to 12 per minute
Page Ref: 401
Objective: 16.3 Give examples of complaints and conditions that are associated with risk of hypoxia and hypoventilation.
All of the following are TRUE about the alveoli and gas exchange, EXCEPT:
A) carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries.
B) alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.
C) oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream.
D) effective external respiration requires a match between the amount of lung ventilated and the amount of lung perfused.
A) carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries.
Page Ref: 373
Objective: 16.2 Relate the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system to oxygenation, perfusion, and removal of carbon dioxide.
Aspirated foreign bodies tend to lodge in the:
A) esophagus.
B) right main stem bronchus.
C) terminal alveoli.
D) left main stem bronchus.
B) right main stem bronchus.
Page Ref: 373
Objective: 16.2 Relate the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system to oxygenation, perfusion, and removal of carbon dioxide.
Anything that interferes with ventilation to a lung or anything that interferes with distribution of blood through the pulmonary circulation result in what is called:
A) ventilation-respiration (VP) mismatch.
B) ventilation-alveolar (VA) mismatch.
C) ventilation-oxygenation (VO) mismatch.
D) ventilation-perfusion (VQ) mismatch.
D) ventilation-perfusion (VQ) mismatch.
Page Ref: 373
Objective: 16.3 Give examples of complaints and conditions that are associated with risk of hypoxia and hypoventilation.
________ is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath.
A) Alveolar ventilation
B) Minute volume
C) Tidal volume
D) Dead air volume
C) Tidal volume
Page Ref: 373
Objective: 16.2 Relate the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system to oxygenation, perfusion, and removal of carbon dioxide.
Course, liquid, lower airway sound associated with secretions in the bronchi are called:
A) rhonchi.
B) gurgling.
C) crackles.
D) stridor.
A) rhonchi.
Page Ref: 374
Objective: 16.4 Relate findings from the assessment of the airway and ventilation to the patient’s need for interventions in airway, ventilation, and respiration.
Which of the following airway complaints would NOT cause bronchoconstriction?
A) Asthma
B) Partial upper airway obstruction
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) Partial upper airway obstruction
Page Ref: 374
Objective: 16.9 Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with specific abnormal breathing sounds.
If a patient is unresponsive, there is a high probability that there may also be an associated:
A) breathing problem.
B) circulation problem.
C) mental problem.
D) airway problem.
D) airway problem.
Page Ref: 375
Objective: 16.4 Relate findings from the assessment of the airway and ventilation to the patient’s need for interventions in airway, ventilation, and respiration.
A position in which a patient leans forward, supporting himself with his arms when experiencing respiratory distress is called:
A) position of comfort.
B) semi-Fowler’s position.
C) Tripod position.
D) Fowler’s position.
C) Tripod position.
Page Ref: 376
Objective: 16.4 Relate findings from the assessment of the airway and ventilation to the patient’s need for interventions in airway, ventilation, and respiration; 16.5 Recognize signs and symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe hypoxia.
If a patient is cyanotic or mottled and has no respiratory effort, he is said to be in:
A) respiratory arrest.
B) respiratory distress.
C) respiratory failure.
D) dyspnea.
A) respiratory arrest.
Page Ref: 376
Objective: 16.4 Relate findings from the assessment of the airway and ventilation to the patient’s need for interventions in airway, ventilation, and respiration; 16.5 Recognize signs and symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe hypoxia.
All of the following are signs of inadequate breathing EXCEPT:
A) cyanosis.
B) ventilatory rate of 14.
C) apnea.
D) use of accessory muscles.
B) ventilatory rate of 14.
Page Ref: 379
Objective: 16.6 Distinguish between adequate and inadequate breathing.
The respiratory rate is determined by counting the number of complete respirations (one inspiration plus one expiration) in ________ seconds and multiplying by ________.
A) 15; 4
B) 10; 6
C) 6; 10
D) 30; 2
D) 30; 2
Page Ref: 382
Objective: 16.5 Recognize signs and symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe hypoxia; 16.6 Distinguish between adequate and inadequate breathing.
Pulse oximetry uses ________ technology to assess the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the peripheral tissues.
A) ultraviolet
B) x-ray
C) infrared
D) ultrasound
C) infrared
Page Ref: 382
Objective: 16.7 Use patient monitoring technology to guide decisions regarding management of airway, ventilation, and respiration.
Capnometry is the measurement of carbon dioxide in exhaled air. A normal capnometry value is:
A) 35-45 mmHg.
B) 90-100 mmHg.
C) 20-30 mmHg.
D) 50-60 mmHg.
A) 35-45 mmHg.
Page Ref: 384
Objective: 16.7 Use patient monitoring technology to guide decisions regarding management of airway, ventilation, and respiration.
Higher levels of exhaled carbon dioxide indicate hypercapnia, which is often due to:
A) hyperventilation syndrome.
B) inadequate ventilation.
C) excessive BVM ventilation.
D) adequate ventilation.
B) inadequate ventilation.
Page Ref: 384
Objective: 16.7 Use patient monitoring technology to guide decisions regarding management of airway, ventilation, and respiration.
Auscultation of the lung fields usually begins high and works its way down to the low bases. Lung fields reach as high as the ________ and can reach as low as the level of the umbilicus.
A) lower sternum
B) xiphoid process
C) midnipple line
D) shoulders
D) shoulders
Page Ref: 382
Objective: 16.8 Demonstrate the proper technique of auscultating breath sounds.
A nosebleed is also referred to as:
A) rhinitis.
B) hematosis.
C) epistaxis.
D) naseoitis.
C) epistaxis.
Page Ref: 386
Objective: 16.4 Relate findings from the assessment of the airway and ventilation to the patient’s need for interventions in airway, ventilation, and respiration.
The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a measurement of the ________ flow rate of air during ________.
A) maximal; expiration
B) minimal; inspiration
C) maximal; inspiration
D) minimal; expiration
A) maximal; expiration
Page Ref: 385
Objective: 16.1 Define the key terms introduced in this chapter; 16.7 Use patient monitoring technology to guide decisions regarding management of airway, ventilation, and respiration.
The trauma chin-lift and ________ airway maneuvers may be considered in patients in who the head-tilt/chin-lift and modified jaw-thrust maneuvers are ineffective.
A) difficult
B) triple
C) double
D) adequate
B) triple
Page Ref: 387
Objective: 16.11 Take immediate action to correct impaired airway, ventilation, and respiration; 16.12 Utilize manual positioning and suction (portable and fixed devices) to keep the airway clear in intubated and nonintubated patients.