Ch. 17 Flashcards
The body’s transition between normal function and death is called:
A) exsanguination.
B) homeostasis.
C) hemorrhage.
D) shock.
D) shock.
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Objective: 17.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Which of the following patients should NOT receive any resuscitation attempts?
A) 45-year-old who was pulled from an icy lake after being submerged for 10 minutes
B) 5-year-old pulled from swimming pool in summertime
C) 26-year-old with transection of the torso from a sheet of metal at a shipyard
D) 10-year-old struck by auto in a medium-speed collision
C) 26-year-old with transection of the torso from a sheet of metal at a shipyard
Page Ref: 443
Objective: 17.2 Identify situations in which you should withhold resuscitative attempts.
You have arrived on the scene of a 44-year-old man in cardiac arrest. According to family, the patient has a cardiac history and was complaining of chest pain most of the morning. They state that it has been about 10 minutes since he collapsed. To maximize the patient’s opportunity for a successful outcome, which of the following is the MOST important intervention that the EMT can make immediately?
A) Administration of advanced drugs by paramedics
B) Defibrillation with an AED
C) Administration of oxygen through a nonrebreather mask
D) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
D) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Page Ref: 435
Objective: 17.5 Explain the importance of high-quality chest compressions CPR.
An AED should NOT be applied to a patient:
A) in ventricular tachycardia.
B) in ventricular fibrillation.
C) with a pulse.
D) without a pulse.
A) in ventricular tachycardia.
Page Ref: 437
Objective: 17.6 Describe the features, functions, advantages, limitations, use, and precautions in the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs).
A seven-year-old boy choked on a grape at school. By the time the obstruction was removed, assessment revealed him to be in cardiac arrest. When you arrive, teachers are performing CPR. The school nurse informs you that CPR has been in progress for six minutes. You have an AED but do not have a pediatric conversion device that reduces the energy of defibrillation from that of an adult to that of a child. Which of the following should you do immediately?
A) Instruct the teachers to continue CPR for another minute before applying the AED.
B) Continue CPR and transfer the boy to the stretcher for immediate transport.
C) Perform five abdominal thrusts and then one minute of CPR before using the AED.
D) Place the electrodes on the boy’s chest and follow the AED’s prompts.
D) Place the electrodes on the boy’s chest and follow the AED’s prompts.
Page Ref: 442
Objective: 17.6 Describe the features, functions, advantages, limitations, use, and precautions in the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs); 17.9 Given a series of cardiac arrest scenarios involving infants, children, and adults, demonstrate appropriate assessment and resuscitative techniques, including the integrated use of CPR, AEDs, airway management, and ventilation; 17.13 Explain the importance of AED maintenance, EMS provider training and skills maintenance, medical direction, and continuous quality improvement in the Chain of Survival of cardiac arrest.
After analyzing a cardiac arrest patient’s heart rhythm, the AED provides a “Deliver shock” message. After clearing the patient, the AEMT’s next step should be to:
A) press the shock button, and then perform CPR for two minutes.
B) press the shock button, and then allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm.
C) press the shock button, and then check for the return of a pulse.
D) check for a pulse, and then press the shock button if a pulse is not present.
A) press the shock button, and then perform CPR for two minutes.
Page Ref: 440
Objective: 17.6 Describe the features, functions, advantages, limitations, use, and precautions in the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs); 17.13 Explain the importance of AED maintenance, EMS provider training and skills maintenance, medical direction, and continuous quality improvement in the Chain of Survival of cardiac arrest.
You have been called to a public pool for an unresponsive patient. On arrival you find lifeguards performing CPR on a 67-year-old man and administering oxygen to him with a pocket mask. They report that the patient was in the water and was seen clutching his chest seconds before going unresponsive. He was immediately pulled from the water and CPR was initiated. They estimate that CPR has been performed for five minutes. Assessment shows the man to be unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Which of the following is your FIRST response?
A) “Stop CPR and let us apply the AED.”
B) “We need to quickly dry him from head to toe before applying the AED.”
C) “Let us take a towel and dry off his chest.”
D) “Let us start ventilation with a bag-valve mask and oxygen.”
C) “Let us take a towel and dry off his chest.”
Page Ref: 441
Objective: 17.6 Describe the features, functions, advantages, limitations, use, and precautions in the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs); 17.13 Explain the importance of AED maintenance, EMS provider training and skills maintenance, medical direction, and continuous quality improvement in the Chain of Survival of cardiac arrest.
Which of the following cardiac arrest rhythms is the AED designed to shock?
A) Ventricular fibrillation
B) Bradycardia
C) Asystole
D) Pulseless electrical activity
A) Ventricular fibrillation
Page Ref: 437
Objective: 17.7 Compare and contrast ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity.
Which of the following statements about the heart rhythm of ventricular fibrillation is TRUE?
A) “When a patient’s heart is in ventricular fibrillation, it is unable to pump blood throughout the body.”
B) “The AED is designed to identify ventricular fibrillation and give a ‘No shock advised’ message when it is present.”
C) “The most effective treatment for converting ventricular fibrillation to a healthy heart rhythm is CPR.”
D) “Ventricular fibrillation occurs when the heart rate is so slow and weak that a pulse cannot be felt.”
A) “When a patient’s heart is in ventricular fibrillation, it is unable to pump blood throughout the body.”
Page Ref: 437
Objective: 17.7 Compare and contrast ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity.
Which of the following is essential when using an AED?
A) Making good skin-to-pad contact
B) Placing the pads wherever is most comfortable for the patient
C) Delaying defibrillation to continue chest compressions
D) Ignoring the operation of implanted defibrillators
A) Making good skin-to-pad contact
Page Ref: 438
Objective: 17.8 Describe safety precautions to protect yourself, other EMS providers, the patient, and bystanders in resuscitation situations.
You arrive on the scene to find a 20-year-old woman with a recent history of drug use. She is breathing at a rate of six breaths per minute and withdraws to pain. The patient was in cardiac arrest but experienced a return to spontaneous circulation. What is your FIRST priority in treating this patient?
A) Find out what she might have taken.
B) Establish an intravenous line.
C) Secure the airway and provide ventilation and oxygenation.
D) Administer 2 mg Narcan.
C) Secure the airway and provide ventilation and oxygenation.
Page Ref: 444
Objective: 17.9 Given a series of cardiac arrest scenarios involving infants, children, and adults, demonstrate appropriate assessment and resuscitative techniques, including the integrated use of CPR, AEDs, airway management, and ventilation; 17.11 Given a cardiac arrest scenario, make decisions regarding transport and a request for paramedic backup.
Information from the reassessment of a patient in cardiogenic shock may be used to:
A) determine the overall trend in the patient’s condition.
B) prepare the patient for defibrillation.
C) judge the number of compressions necessary in one cycle.
D) decide the rate of compressions to ventilations.
A) determine the overall trend in the patient’s condition.
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Objective: 17.10 Explain the purpose and procedure for reassessing patients in shock and cardiac arrest.
When reassessing a patient in hemorrhagic shock, what must be done concerning interventions?
A) Categorize them.
B) Initiate them.
C) Prioritize their importance.
D) Assess their effects.
D) Assess their effects.
Page Ref: 425
Objective: 17.10 Explain the purpose and procedure for reassessing patients in shock and cardiac arrest.
Which of the following statements about return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is TRUE?
A) Patients with ROSC always regain responsiveness in the prehospital setting.
B) ROSC patients need aggressive ventilation to increase venous return to the heart.
C) Patients with ROSC are at a high risk for a second cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting.
D) Prehospital treatment of ROSC can always address the underlying cause of cardiac arrest.
C) Patients with ROSC are at a high risk for a second cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting.
Page Ref: 443-444
Objective: 17.12 Demonstrate assessment and management of a post-cardiac arrest patient with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).
Your service has a new AED. During the in-service on the new device, the instructor informs you that it is a semi-automated AED and uses a biphasic wave form, as opposed to the monophasic form used by the previous AED. As a knowledgeable AEMT, you should recognize that:
A) the new AED will defibrillate with lower amounts of electrical energy.
B) less energy but more shocks will be needed to treat cardiac arrest.
C) the new AED will defibrillate with higher amounts of electrical energy.
D) the AEMT will not need to press a “shock” button to shock the patient.
A) the new AED will defibrillate with lower amounts of electrical energy.
Page Ref: 438
Objective: 17.6 Describe the features, functions, advantages, limitations, use, and precautions in the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs); 17.13 Explain the importance of AED maintenance, EMS provider training and skills maintenance, medical direction, and continuous quality improvement in the Chain of Survival of cardiac arrest.
As you arrive at a metal scrap yard for an unknown medical emergency, you observe a male patient supine on the ground with AED electrodes on his chest. The AED operator has just ordered coworkers to clear the patient because the AED is going to shock. Within seconds, the AED delivers a shock without the operator pressing a “shock” button. The AEMT should recognize what type of AED?
A) Fully automated
B) Manual
C) Biphasic
D) Semi-automated
A) Fully automated
Page Ref: 437
Objective: 17.9 Given a series of cardiac arrest scenarios involving infants, children, and adults, demonstrate appropriate assessment and resuscitative techniques, including the integrated use of CPR, AEDs, airway management, and ventilation; 17.13 Explain the importance of AED maintenance, EMS provider training and skills maintenance, medical direction, and continuous quality improvement in the Chain of Survival of cardiac arrest.
