Ch. 49 Flashcards
You are working at a multiple-casualty incident (MCI) involving the use of an incendiary device that was thrown into a large group of people. The victims could be expected to have:
A) contamination from biological agents.
B) fractures from the initial explosion.
C) burn injuries.
D) possible radiation exposure.
C) burn injuries.
Page Ref: 1059
You are teaching an EMT class about the role of an EMS response to a terror attack involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD). A student asks you what constitutes a WMD. You should respond by stating that a WMD is any:
A) biological agent that will kill but not destroy property.
B) weapon used to create fear and panic among the general public.
C) agent that is used to cause indiscriminate death and destruction.
D) agent that is intended to kill a specific segment of the population.
C) agent that is used to cause indiscriminate death and destruction.
Page Ref: 1059
Weapons of mass destruction include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) biological.
B) chemical.
C) experimental.
D) nuclear.
C) experimental.
Page Ref: 1059
At the scene of a multiple-casualty incident caused by a weapon of mass destruction, the AEMT’s FIRST priority is:
A) identifying the agent used.
B) ensuring the safety of yourself and your partner.
C) establishing a communications system.
D) estimating the number of dead and injured.
B) ensuring the safety of yourself and your partner.
Page Ref: 1057-1058
Biological weapons are often hard to identify because they:
A) change their form upon contact with the host.
B) often do not have any immediate symptoms.
C) do not vaporize readily.
D) are vaporized with the initial explosions.
B) often do not have any immediate symptoms.
Page Ref: 1060
The AEMT would recognize which one of the following statements as the BEST example of the use of a weapon of mass destruction?
A) Death of 49 people in a crowded mall following intentional infection with unknown bacteria
B) Death of 57 following nighttime tornadoes that have struck a suburban area
C) Accidental release of radioactive gas from a nuclear power plant that has impacted thousands of people
D) Death of 25 following an explosion in an industrial plant caused by faulty wiring
A) Death of 49 people in a crowded mall following intentional infection with unknown bacteria
Page Ref: 1059
As you approach the scene of a mass casualty situation in a downtown office building, you note the slight odor of almonds as you see many victims in the lobby lying unconscious with no apparent injury. Your BEST actions should be:
A) remain upwind, away from the site, as this is possibly an asphyxiant.
B) immediately extricate the nearest victim to an area of safety.
C) administer a Mark I kit to all victims within the first five minutes.
D) note the odor and continue with triage of all victims.
A) remain upwind, away from the site, as this is possibly an asphyxiant.
Page Ref: 1061
Yersinia pestis can be used in terrorism, although it occurs naturally in the U.S., and causes:
A) plague.
B) phosgene.
C) anthrax.
D) botulinum and gamma radiation.
A) plague.
Page Ref: 1060
As your rescue unit arrives at the scene of a possible terrorist explosion, one of your primary concerns should be:
A) the possibility of a secondary explosive device.
B) rapid transport of as many patients as possible to the nearest hospital.
C) searching for clues to the perpetrator.
D) identifying the type of explosive device.
A) the possibility of a secondary explosive device.
Page Ref: 1060
You are participating in a training exercise for an attack by a weapon of mass destruction involving the release of a nerve agent. In the triage area, you are presented with a patient who responds to painful stimuli and has an open airway. He is breathing eight times a minute and has a weak radial pulse. He also has wheezing and pinpoint pupils. In his pocket he has a metered-dose inhaler containing albuterol. When caring for this patient, you should FIRST:
A) administer positive pressure ventilation.
B) obtain vital signs, including the temperature.
C) look for an injury causing shock.
D) administer albuterol with the metered-dose inhaler.
A) administer positive pressure ventilation.
Page Ref: 1062
Of the following, the MOST virulent biologic agent is:
A) ricin.
B) typhus fever.
C) viral encephalitis.
D) smallpox.
D) smallpox.
Page Ref: 1060
The natural occurrence of this biologic agent was eradicated years ago, yet a supply of the virus could potentially be stockpiled for use as a biologic weapon.
A) Nipah virus
B) Vibrio cholera
C) Smallpox
D) Botulism
C) Smallpox
Page Ref: 1060
Which of the following is an example of a biologic agent that may be employed as a weapon of mass destruction?
A) Chlorine
B) Gamma radiation
C) Botulism toxin
D) Cyanide
C) Botulism toxin
Page Ref: 1061
A chemical agent that interferes with normal functioning of nervous transmission is known as a(n):
A) chemical asphyxiant.
B) biologic agent.
C) nerve agent.
D) all of the above.
C) nerve agent.
Page Ref: 1061
A mnemonic to help remember the effects associated with nerve agent poisoning is:
A) WMD.
B) DUMBELS.
C) CBRNE.
D) SAMPLE.
B) DUMBELS.
Page Ref: 1062
Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase resulting in the accumulation of ________ in the synapse.
A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
B) acetylcholine
Page Ref: 1061
A ________ is a chemical agent that causes blisters to form where exposure occurs.
A) nerve agent
B) phosphorus
C) vesicant
D) surfactant
C) vesicant
Page Ref: 1061
Exposure to chemical vesicants (mustard) agents results in:
A) immediate death.
B) pulmonary edema within five minutes of exposure.
C) slowly developing symptoms.
D) choking.
C) slowly developing symptoms.
Page Ref: 1061
Chemical agents that cause airway irritation, inflammation, and pulmonary edema include:
A) phosgene.
B) ammonia and carbon monoxide.
C) acetylcholine
D) all of the above.
A) phosgene.
Page Ref: 1061
Chemicals that cause a disruption in the metabolism of oxygen by the cell like cyanide are called:
A) pulmonary agents.
B) hypoxemic agents.
C) ataxic agents.
D) blood agents.
D) blood agents.
Page Ref: 1061
Which of the following is a biologic agent?
A) “G” agents
B) Sarin
C) VX
D) Anthrax
D) Anthrax
Page Ref: 1061-1062
What biologic agent is in the most virulent category, category A?
A) Brucellosis
B) Hantavirus
C) Smallpox
D) Q fever
C) Smallpox
Page Ref: 1063
What chemical agent mostly causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes?
A) Vesicants
B) Radiologic dispersion devices
C) Vomiting agents
D) Nerve agents
C) Vomiting agents
Page Ref: 1063
For the patient exposed to a nerve agent, which one of the following signs should the AEMT expect?
A) Dilated pupils
B) Decreased body temperature
C) Elevated blood pressure
D) Increased salivation
D) Increased salivation
Page Ref: 1062
A localized terrorist attack involves pepper spray being released at a high school dance. As you respond, the incident commander reports approximately 50 people have been exposed and are calling for the county disaster plan to be implemented. Given the nature of the weapon, what type of symptoms would you expect to encounter?
A) Respiratory distress, burning of the eyes and other mucous membranes
B) Dyspnea, tachypnea, coughing, pulmonary edema, chest pain
C) Burns and blisters on the skin
D) Urination, defecation, gastric distress, and emesis
A) Respiratory distress, burning of the eyes and other mucous membranes
Page Ref: 1061
Which of the following would be your likely initial medication treatment when a patient has been exposed to a small amount of an experimental nerve agent?
A) 2 mg of atropine and 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride
B) 0.3 mg of epinephrine (1:1000) and 25 grams of dextrose 50%
C) 0.4 mg of nitroglycerine and 325 mg of aspirin
D) 10 mL of sodium chloride and 2 mg of naloxone
A) 2 mg of atropine and 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride
Page Ref: 1062
A class of diseases that includes the ebola virus is known as:
A) pneumonic agents.
B) a febrile hemolytic agent.
C) viral hemorrhagic fever.
D) asphyxiating agents.
C) viral hemorrhagic fever.
Page Ref: 1060
A type of biological agent is:
A) vesicants.
B) nerve agents.
C) blister agents.
D) smallpox.
D) smallpox.
Page Ref: 1060
A technique that the terrorist may use which involves both conventional and WMD characteristics is/are:
A) nuclear detonation.
B) biological attack.
C) radiological dispersion device.
D) chemical release.
C) radiological dispersion device.
Page Ref: 1060
The purpose of the National Disaster Medical System is to:
A) manage the federal medical response to an emergency or disaster.
B) manage the U.S. Department of Health activities.
C) conduct research related to the frequency of multiple casualty events.
D) promote preventative measures during natural disasters.
A) manage the federal medical response to an emergency or disaster.
Page Ref: 1056
As an EMS provider, if you are first on the scene and see signs that the event is an MCI as a result of natural disaster or terrorism, what should you do?
A) Stay in your vehicle and perform a windshield assessment.
B) Proceed to where there are other providers where an assessment of the situation can occur.
C) Call in to dispatch to obtain an assessment of the situation.
D) Get out, walk around, assess the situation, and determine the next course of action.
A) Stay in your vehicle and perform a windshield assessment.
Page Ref: 1057
You arrive on the scene and smell gasoline. Which of the following devices might be involved?
A) Radiologic dispersion
B) Incendiary
C) Dispersal mechanism
D) Nuclear detonation
B) Incendiary
Page Ref: 1059
Incubation periods for biologic agents:
A) are short lived.
B) are usually 1-2 hours.
C) usually range between 24-48 hours.
D) vary.
D) vary.
Page Ref: 1060
Car bombs or pipe bombs are examples of which type of WMD?
A) Conventional explosives
B) Small arms
C) Biologic agents
D) Chemical weapons
A) Conventional explosives
Page Ref: 1060
Vesicants and asphyxiants are examples of which type of WMD?
A) Conventional explosives
B) Small arms
C) Biologic agents
D) Chemical weapons
D) Chemical weapons
Page Ref: 1061
You are on the scene of an accident where patients are exhibiting the following symptoms: respiratory distress, burning of the eyes and other mucous membranes, coughing, nausea, and vomiting. What type of chemical weapon might be suspected?
A) Blister agents
B) Choking agents
C) Riot control agents
D) Nerve agents
C) Riot control agents
Page Ref: 1061
You are on the scene of an accident where patients are exhibiting the following symptoms: dyspnea, tachypnea, coughing, pulmonary edema, chest pain, shock, and more generalized signs and symptoms such as headache, nausea and vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures. What type of chemical weapon might be suspected?
A) Blister agents
B) Choking agents
C) Riot control agents
D) Nerve agents
B) Choking agents
Page Ref: 1061
To treat nerve agent poisoning, you should:
A) induce vomiting.
B) avoid treating the patient in the prehospital setting.
C) administer atropine and Pralidoxime (2-PAM) chloride.
D) immediately start an IV drip of electrolytes.
C) administer atropine and Pralidoxime (2-PAM) chloride.
Page Ref: 1062
You are on the scene of an accident where patients are exhibiting the following symptoms: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, and salivation. What type of chemical weapon might be suspected?
A) Blister agents
B) Choking agents
C) Riot control agents
D) Nerve agents
D) Nerve agents
Page Ref: 1061
In chemical events, what must you do first?
A) Make sure patients are decontaminated.
B) Examine patients to determine treatment.
C) Order transport.
D) Call dispatch for further information on course of action.
A) Make sure patients are decontaminated.
Page Ref: 1063
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorize biologic agents by their virulence. Which category is the most virulent?
A) Category A
B) Category B
C) Category C
D) Category D
A) Category A
Page Ref: 1060, Table 49-1
The safest assumption to make on the scene of a detonated device is that the:
A) detonation of the first device is evidence that the bomber has the ability to deliver a secondary device.
B) area must not be entered until protective gear is donned.
C) incident most likely involves multiple casualties.
D) area contains chemical agents.
A) detonation of the first device is evidence that the bomber has the ability to deliver a secondary device.
Page Ref: 1060
According to the CDC, which category of bioagents is Staphylococcal enterotoxin B?
A) Category A
B) Category B
C) Category C
D) Category D
B) Category B
Page Ref: 1060, Table 49-1
Vomiting agents mostly cause:
A) irritation of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
B) vomiting.
C) altered mental status.
D) seizures.
A) irritation of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
Page Ref: 1061
