Ch. 11 Flashcards
The study of the origin, nature, properties, and actions of drugs and their effects on living organisms is collectively known as:
A) pharmacology.
B) pharmacodynamics.
C) pharmacokinetics.
D) pharmacostatics.
A) pharmacology.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the ways drugs are absorbed, distributed, and eliminated from the body is:
A) pharmacology.
B) pharmacodynamics.
C) pharmacokinetics.
D) pharmacostatics.
C) pharmacokinetics.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Another name for the mechanism of action of a medication, which is the way in which specific medications achieve their desired effect, would be:
A) pharmacology.
B) pharmacodynamics.
C) pharmacokinetics.
D) pharmacostatics.
B) pharmacodynamics.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter; 11.8 Explain each of the components of a drug profile.
The four basic sources of medications are:
A) plant, animal, metallic, and synthetic.
B) man-made, plant, synthetic, and metallic.
C) animal, man-made, metallic, and mineral.
D) plant, animal, mineral, and synthetic.
D) plant, animal, mineral, and synthetic.
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Objective: 11.2 Give examples of each of the four sources of drugs.
All of the following are TRUE regarding medications made from plant sources EXCEPT which one?
A) Atropine is made from the extract of the belladonna plant.
B) Morphine is a product of the opium poppy.
C) Digitalis is produced from the purple foxglove plant.
D) 50 percent dextrose is from the aloe vera plant.
D) 50 percent dextrose is from the aloe vera plant.
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Objective: 11.2 Give examples of each of the four sources of drugs.
Which of the following hormones may come from animal sources?
A) Oxytocin and sodium bicarbonate
B) Insulin and calcium chloride
C) Oxytocin and insulin
D) Insulin and sodium bicarbonate
C) Oxytocin and insulin
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Objective: 11.2 Give examples of each of the four sources of drugs.
Which of the following is a medication used in EMS that is NOT from a mineral source?
A) Sodium bicarbonate
B) 50 percent dextrose
C) Calcium chloride
D) Potassium chloride
B) 50 percent dextrose
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Objective: 11.2 Give examples of each of the four sources of drugs.
Some examples of synthetic medications are Humulin (human insulin) and the fibrinolytic tPA (tissue plasminogen activator). Two others are:
A) lidocaine and diazepam.
B) atropine and diazepam.
C) lidocaine and atropine.
D) 50 percent dextrose and digitalis.
A) lidocaine and diazepam.
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Objective: 11.2 Give examples of each of the four sources of drugs.
Fifty percent dextrose is used to treat hypoglycemia. Your protocols may define a specific glucometer reading as a condition that must be present to administer the medication. This is the BEST example of:
A) a contradiction for the medication.
B) the pharmacokinetics of the medication.
C) the indication for the medication.
D) a special consideration of the medication.
C) the indication for the medication.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Oral glucose is NOT administered to a hypoglycemic patient that is unconscious. This would be an example of ________, because this condition would make administration of the drug harmful.
A) a contradiction for the medication
B) the pharmacokinetics of the medication
C) an indication for the medication
D) a special consideration of the medication
A) a contradiction for the medication
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
The FDA is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
A) testing of each new medication offered for sale in the United States.
B) setting the price of each new medication offered for sale in the United States.
C) monitoring medications for safe use after it enters the market.
D) the testing of new medical devices and cosmetics safety in the United States.
B) setting the price of each new medication offered for sale in the United States.
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
After several cycles of lab testing on test animals, a medication can enter clinical trials for evaluation in humans. In phase one clinical trial testing:
A) the trial is expanded to include a large sample size, usually in the thousands of individuals, and to establish the overall safety and effectiveness of the drug.
B) the medication is compared to other medications on the market.
C) the drug is tested on a small number (usually 300 or less) of people with the illness or condition the drug is designed to treat.
D) researchers attempt to determine the safe dose and how the medication is both absorbed and eliminated from the body.
D) researchers attempt to determine the safe dose and how the medication is both absorbed and eliminated from the body.
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
After several cycles of lab testing on test animals, a medication can enter clinical trials for evaluation in humans. In phase II clinical trial testing:
A) the trial is expanded to include a large sample size, usually in the thousands of individuals, and to establish the overall safety and effectiveness of the drug.
B) the medication is compared to other medications on the market.
C) the drug is tested on a small number (usually 300 or less) of people with the illness or condition the drug is designed to treat.
D) researchers attempt to determine the safe dose and how the medication is both absorbed and eliminated from the body.
C) the drug is tested on a small number (usually 300 or less) of people with the illness or condition the drug is designed to treat.
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
After several cycles of lab testing on test animals, a medication can enter clinical trials for evaluation in humans. In phase III clinical trial testing:
A) the trial is expanded to include a large sample size, usually in the thousands of individuals, and to establish the overall safety and effectiveness of the drug.
B) the medication is compared to other medications on the market.
C) the drug is tested on a small number (usually 300 or less) of people with the illness or condition the drug is designed to treat.
D) researchers attempt to determine the safe dose and how the medication is both absorbed and eliminated from the body.
A) the trial is expanded to include a large sample size, usually in the thousands of individuals, and to establish the overall safety and effectiveness of the drug.
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
At what phase of the clinical trial testing may the manufacturer apply for FDA approval to begin marketing a medication for sale?
A) At the conclusion of phase II
B) At the beginning of phase III
C) At the beginning of phase II
D) At the conclusion of phase III
D) At the conclusion of phase III
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
In which phase of clinical trial testing is the medication compared to other medications on the market?
A) Phase I trials
B) Phase III trials
C) Phase IV trials
D) Phase II trials
C) Phase IV trials
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Objective: 11.3 Explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the development and continued oversight of drugs.
Which medications have been identified to present a low risk to someone who uses them, as long as the medication is used as directed on the label?
A) Controlled substances
B) Over-the-counter (OTC) substances
C) Regulated substances
D) Narcotic substances
B) Over-the-counter (OTC) substances
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter; 11.4 Discuss relevant legislation regarding the administration of prescription medications, including controlled substances.
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 established:
A) regulations on the importation, manufacture, sale, and use of medications, including the addicting drugs opium and cocaine.
B) comprehensive regulations that authorized the formation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
C) amendments that required pharmacists to dispense certain medications only with a written or verbal prescription by a physician.
D) five schedules of controlled substances, each with its own regulations regarding level of control.
D) five schedules of controlled substances, each with its own regulations regarding level of control.
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Objective: 11.4 Discuss relevant legislation regarding the administration of prescription medications, including controlled substances.
A medication is found during clinical testing to potentially deform, injure, or kill an unborn fetus. The medication would be categorized by the FDA as:
A) teratogenic.
B) analgesic.
C) iatrogenic.
D) anticholinergic.
A) teratogenic.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
A trade name for a medication used by the AEMT to treat asthma would be ________ with ________ being the generic name for this same medication.
A) Albuterol; proventil
B) Zolpidem; ambien
C) Proventil; albuterol
D) Ambien; zolpidem
C) Proventil; albuterol
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Objective: 11.5 Identify the official, generic, and trade names of drugs in the Advanced EMT scope of practice.
Which of the following statements about liquid medications is TRUE?
A) Emulsions are a mixture of a medication with a thick, sweet flavored liquid to improve the taste of the medication.
B) Syrups are a combination of liquids that are not soluble.
C) Elixirs are prepared by utilizing an alcohol extraction process and are usually for topical application.
D) Spirits are solutions of a medication and alcohol to be taken orally.
D) Spirits are solutions of a medication and alcohol to be taken orally.
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Objective: 11.6 Describe the various forms in which drugs are supplied.
Lotions, ointments, and creams contain different amounts of water, so they have different absorption rates. In general, the more water in the mixture, the faster it is absorbed. In order from slowest absorption to fastest absorption rates would be:
A) lotions, ointments, and creams.
B) ointments, creams, and lotions.
C) lotions, creams, and ointments.
D) ointments, lotions, and creams.
B) ointments, creams, and lotions.
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Objective: 11.6 Describe the various forms in which drugs are supplied.
Which of the following statements regarding medication packaging is TRUE?
A) Vials consist of a barrel with a needle or adapter attached and a pre-filled glass tube containing the medication.
B) Pre-filled syringes are completely sealed glass containers with a thin breakable neck.
C) Ampules consist of a glass container with a sealed rubber stopper that can be pierced by a needle to withdraw the medication.
D) Nebules are plastic containers designed so that the top can be torn off and the medication squeezed out.
D) Nebules are plastic containers designed so that the top can be torn off and the medication squeezed out.
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Objective: 11.7 Describe the various types of medication packaging.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Absorption means that most medications, whether unchanged or metabolized, are excreted in the urine.
B) Affinity is the process of chemically changing a medication through metabolism within the body.
C) Therapeutic index is a ratio comparing a medication’s lethal dose with an effective dose of the same medication.
D) Half-life is the degree or rate at which a drug or other substance becomes available at the site of physiological activity after administration.
C) Therapeutic index is a ratio comparing a medication’s lethal dose with an effective dose of the same medication.
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Objective: 11.9 Explain each of the following with respect to pharmacology: drug absorption, drug distribution, mechanism of action, and drug elimination.
The primary organ in the human body for metabolizing and biotransformation is ________, whereas the primary system for elimination of medications is ________.
A) the stomach; the renal system
B) the liver; the renal system
C) the stomach; the digestive system
D) the liver; the digestive system
B) the liver; the renal system
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Objective: 11.10 Explain the roles of the kidneys and liver in drug metabolism and excretion.
What condition results in the inability to effectively eliminate medications, thus placing the patient at risk for toxic accumulation?
A) Inadequate renal function
B) Inadequate endocrine function
C) Increased renal filtration
D) Increased endocrine function
A) Inadequate renal function
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Objective: 11.11 Explain factors that can affect the concentration of a drug in a patient’s body.
Which of the following statements regarding receptor sites of medications is TRUE?
A) An agonist is a drug that binds to receptor sites and prevents a normal response by the cell.
B) An antagonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response.
C) A protagonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response.
D) The stronger the attraction of a drug to a receptor site, the greater the affinity.
D) The stronger the attraction of a drug to a receptor site, the greater the affinity.
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Objective: 11.12 Describe the concepts of drug receptor sites and protein binding of medications.
Which of the following regarding special populations and medication administration is FALSE?
A) Geriatric patients often have other multiple medical conditions such as liver and kidney dysfunction that does not allow medications to be removed as quickly.
B) Infants do not have mature organ systems, and often their liver is not mature enough to process and metabolize drugs efficiently.
C) Larger patients will require less of a given medication to achieve the therapeutic dose.
D) Since men tend to have a greater weight and muscle mass, they tend to require a higher dose than women.
C) Larger patients will require less of a given medication to achieve the therapeutic dose.
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Objective: 11.13 Identify special populations in whom the administration of drugs may need to be modified.
________ is the amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue.
A) Biotransformation
B) Concentration
C) Bioavailability
D) Metabolism
C) Bioavailability
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Medications that increase urine production to reduce excess water volume are called:
A) diuretics.
B) anticoagulants.
C) barbiturates.
D) stimulants.
A) diuretics.
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
What is the term used to describe an allergic reaction to a substance?
A) Hypersensitivity
B) Potentiation
C) Habituation
D) Tolerance
A) Hypersensitivity
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Objective: 11.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
