Ch. 3

Question 1

What is the focus of the Healthy People 2020 report?

A) To describe the need for health insurance
B) To suggest workout regimes for school children
C) To document the health of the nation and goals for the future
D) To identify hospitals that provide the best health care

Answer 1

C) To document the health of the nation and goals for the future

Page Ref: 33
Objective: 3.4 Discuss the leading health indicators in the United States.

Question 2

Which of the following best illustrates being a role model?

A) An EMT who smells of cigarette smoke on his clothing
B) A paramedic who is slim and in good physical shape
C) An EMR whose weight prevents him from quickly getting to a patient
D) An AEMT who appears hung over after two long night shifts

Answer 2

B) A paramedic who is slim and in good physical shape

Page Ref: 33
Objective: 3.5 Describe the components of wellness, including considerations for nutrition and physical fitness.

Question 3

Which of the following describes balance?

A) Devoting yourself obsessively to a single interest
B) Not feeling any interest in any particular activity
C) Recognizing that the sacrifice of an active home life is professionally necessary
D) Achieving professional goals while having a fulfilling personal life

Answer 3

D) Achieving professional goals while having a fulfilling personal life

Page Ref: 33
Objective: 3.3 Identify specific measures that Advanced EMTs can take to protect their health and safety, both on and off the job.

Question 4

Which of the following is the highest need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A) Social needs
B) Self-actualization
C) Physiologic needs
D) Esteem needs

Answer 4

B) Self-actualization

Page Ref: 35
Objective: 3.5 Describe the components of wellness, including considerations for nutrition and physical fitness.

Question 5

An example of eustress is:

A) not being able to sleep after working nights.
B) being behind in your bills.
C) a challenging physical workout.
D) dealing with a difficult pediatric call.

Answer 5

C) a challenging physical workout.

Page Ref: 35-36
Objective: 3.10 Describe the effects of stress on performance.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effects of stress on the human body?

A) Stress encourages the body to relax.
B) Long-term stress leads to adaptation.
C) Stress engages the parasympathetic nervous system to respond.
D) The body’s reaction to both negative and positive stress is similar.

Answer 6

D) The body’s reaction to both negative and positive stress is similar.

Page Ref: 36
Objective: 3.10 Describe the effects of stress on performance.

Question 7

The effects of epinephrine secretion during stress include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) increased heart rate.
B) pupil dilation.
C) vasodilation.
D) sweaty palms.

Answer 7

C) vasodilation.

Page Ref: 38
Objective: 3.10 Describe the effects of stress on performance.

Question 8

All of the following are phases of the general adaptation syndrome EXCEPT:

A) elevation
B) resistance.
C) alarm.
D) exhaustion.

Answer 8

A) elevation

Page Ref: 36
Objective: 3.10 Describe the effects of stress on performance.

Question 9

Prolonged and excessive exposure to ________ as a result of long term stress has negative effects on the body.

A) cortisol
B) epinephrine
C) ACTH
D) CRH

Answer 9

A) cortisol

Page Ref: 37
Objective: 3.11 Explain the effects of stress hormones and the sympathetic nervous system in response to stressors.

Question 10

Negative effects from prolonged exposure to cortisol include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) suppression of the immune system.
B) decreased blood sugar levels.
C) delayed wound healing.
D) difficulty concentrating.

Answer 10

B) decreased blood sugar levels.

Page Ref: 37
Objective: 3.11 Explain the effects of stress hormones and the sympathetic nervous system in response to stressors.

Question 11

To manage stress, you MUST:

A) learn to become detached.
B) think of patients as signs and symptoms.
C) develop good coping mechanisms.
D) immerse yourself in work.

Answer 11

C) develop good coping mechanisms.

Page Ref: 39
Objective: 3.14 Identify healthy mechanisms for coping with stress.

Question 12

All of the following will help you cope during a stressful EMS call EXCEPT:

A) focusing on the task at hand.
B) putting your feelings aside.
C) being prepared in advance.
D) second guessing your actions.

Answer 12

D) second guessing your actions.

Page Ref: 39
Objective: 3.10 Describe the effects of stress on performance.

Question 13

All of the following are useful stress management techniques EXCEPT:

A) massage therapy.
B) prescription medications.
C) regular exercise.
D) guided imagery.

Answer 13

B) prescription medications.

Page Ref: 39-40
Objective: 3.16 List steps that can reduce the impact of long and irregular shifts on wellness.

Question 14

Many deaths from motor vehicle crashes can be prevented by:

A) raising the driving age to 21.
B) everyone wearing their seatbelts.
C) requiring eye tests for elderly drivers.
D) the use of smaller vehicles.

Answer 14

B) everyone wearing their seatbelts.

Page Ref: 40
Objective: 3.3 Identify specific measures that Advanced EMTs can take to protect their health and safety, both on and off the job.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding back fitness?

A) One of the best exercises for the back is the old-fashioned sit-up.
B) While important for appearance, posture has little to do with the risk of back injury.
C) Abdominal muscles are crucial to overall spinal-column strength and safe lifting.
D) Exercise has been shown to contribute to intervertebral disc deterioration.

Answer 15

C) Abdominal muscles are crucial to overall spinal-column strength and safe lifting.

Page Ref: 41
Objective: 3.3 Identify specific measures that Advanced EMTs can take to protect their health and safety, both on and off the job.

Question 16

If you suspect potential violence at an emergency scene, you should:

A) request law enforcement assistance before entering the scene.
B) enter cautiously and then call law enforcement if needed.
C) first remove patients from the scene and then call for police assistance.
D) first secure the scene and then begin patient assessment.

Answer 16

A) request law enforcement assistance before entering the scene.

Page Ref: 42
Objective: 3.3 Identify specific measures that Advanced EMTs can take to protect their health and safety, both on and off the job.

Question 17

The stress model described by the endocrinologist Hans Selye that recognizes the body’s response to a stressful stimulation is known as general ________ syndrome.

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) reaction
D) adaptation

Answer 17

D) adaptation

Page Ref: 36
Objective: 3.12 Explain the general adaptation syndrome model of stress.

Question 18

All of the following will minimize your chances of contracting infectious diseases EXCEPT:

A) wearing gloves for patient contact.
B) washing your hands after patient contact.
C) holding your breath around infected patients.
D) covering any open sores on exposed areas.

Answer 18

C) holding your breath around infected patients.

Page Ref: 43
Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 19

When transporting a patient with tuberculosis, a(n) ________ should be worn by the EMT.

A) N-95 mask
B) surgical mask
C) gown
D) face shield

Answer 19

D) face shield

Page Ref: 44
Objective: 3.8 Take appropriate Standard Precautions to protect against communicable diseases in specific situations.

Question 20

Nosocomial infections are:

A) bloodborne pathogens.
B) acquired in a hospital.
C) spread by prehospital providers.
D) spread most commonly at homeless shelters.

Answer 20

B) acquired in a hospital.

Page Ref: 46
Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 21

What mode of transmission MOST accurately describes the route of spreading hepatitis A?

A) Respiratory droplet
B) Unprotected sex
C) Fecal-oral
D) Bloodborne

Answer 21

C) Fecal-oral

Page Ref: 43
Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 22

22) Which of the following pathogens can live in dried blood for weeks and should be a major concern for EMS providers even while cleaning contaminated equipment?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis A
D) AIDS

Answer 22

B) Hepatitis B

Page Ref: 43
Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 23

Posttraumatic stress disorder may be caused by any of the following EXCEPT:

A) being assaulted after work by a coworker.
B) responding to a natural disaster in which hundreds die.
C) being shot at when arriving at an emergency scene.
D) anticipating a difficult certification exam.

Answer 23

D) anticipating a difficult certification exam.

Page Ref: 37-38
Objective: 3.9 Recognize situations that may be stressful for EMS providers.

Question 24

Which of the following pathogens is transmitted through contact with open wounds or sores?

A) Pertussis
B) Staphylococcus
C) SARS
D) Meningitis

Answer 24

B) Staphylococcus

Page Ref: 44
Objective: 3.6 List specific communicable diseases of concern to health care providers.

Question 25

An N-95 mask is designed to: A) filter smaller particulates than typical face masks. B) protect the entire head. C) be completely impermeable, similar to a face shield. D) assist the wearer with breathing in low-oxygen environments.

Answer 25

A) filter smaller particulates than typical face masks. Page Ref: 48 Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 26

What is an accurate statement regarding tuberculosis (TB)? A) It can be cured by any antibiotic. B) TB is not spread through surface contamination. C) The TB pathogen only affects lung tissue. D) A TB skin test can detect exposure.

Answer 26

D) A TB skin test can detect exposure. Page Ref: 44 Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 27

What is the name of the federal act that mandates a procedure by which emergency health care providers can find out if they have been exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases while on the job? A) The Communicable Disease Notification Act B) The EMS Personnel Health Protection Act of 1991 C) The Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Act D) The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act

Answer 27

D) The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act Page Ref: 45 Objective: 3.2 Identify aspects of work in EMS that can pose a risk to the health and well-being of EMS providers.

Question 28

You are treating a patient who has a productive cough and who reports weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, night sweats, and fever. Which of the following diseases is MOST likely the cause of these signs and symptoms? A) Hepatitis B B) Pneumonia C) AIDS D) Tuberculosis

Answer 28

D) Tuberculosis Page Ref: 48 Objective: 3.6 List specific communicable diseases of concern to health care providers.

Question 29

All of the following are guidelines for healthy sleep behavior EXCEPT: A) not eating heavily before going to bed. B) avoiding caffeine near bedtime. C) drinking a glass of wine before bed. D) going to bed only when you are sleepy.

Answer 29

C) drinking a glass of wine before bed. Page Ref: 50 Objective: 3.3 Identify specific measures that Advanced EMTs can take to protect their health and safety, both on and off the job.

Question 30

What would be the primary reason for an EMT to change gloves between contacts with different patients? A) To protect the EMT from becoming infected B) To prevent spreading infection to the next patient C) To minimize the amount of time the EMT's hands are spent in gloves D) To ensure soiled gloves are changed as soon as possible

Answer 30

B) To prevent spreading infection to the next patient Page Ref: 45 Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 31

An EMT may consider wearing protective eyewear when caring for which of these patients? A) A patient with a difficult-to-visualize scalp laceration B) A trauma patient who is covered in dirt, rocks, and other foreign debris C) A patient who is actively coughing D) A patient who was sprayed with mace by police during arrest

Answer 31

C) A patient who is actively coughing Page Ref: 48 Objective: 3.8 Take appropriate Standard Precautions to protect against communicable diseases in specific situations.

Question 32

During which of these situations would the use of protective gloves be optional? A) Bandaging a laceration B) Childbirth C) Splinting a sprained ankle D) Glucometry

Answer 32

C) Splinting a sprained ankle Page Ref: 45 Objective: 3.8 Take appropriate Standard Precautions to protect against communicable diseases in specific situations.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of moderate-intensity exercise? A) Improved eyesight B) Improved mood C) Weight loss D) Stress reduction

Answer 33

A) Improved eyesight Page Ref: 54 Objective: 3.15 Explain the benefits and characteristics of moderate intensity exercise and vigorous exercise.

Question 34

You are transferring a patient from a nursing home to the hospital when you notice on the patient's record that he has hepatitis C. You know that hepatitis C: A) can be prevented by vaccination. B) causes inflammation of the liver. C) is easily transmitted via mucous membranes. D) causes no symptoms in most patients.

Answer 34

B) causes inflammation of the liver. Page Ref: 44 Objective: 3.7 Discuss factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases.

Question 35

Which of the following is MOST correct regarding AIDS? A) The virus is fragile and dies quickly. B) It results from destruction of the body's hormonal balance. C) The patient becomes symptomatic almost immediately. D) It is easier to contract that than hepatitis B.

Answer 35

A) The virus is fragile and dies quickly. Page Ref: 43 Objective: 3.6 List specific communicable diseases of concern to health care providers.

Question 36

Which of the following stimulates the adrenal glands to release the hormones epinephrine and cortisol? A) The medulla oblongata B) Acetylcholinesterase C) The hypothalamus D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 36

D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone Page Ref: 36 Objective: 3.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.

Question 37

Which of the following is a sign of eustress? A) Inability to sleep B) Poor concentration C) Improved performance D) Increased heart rate

Answer 37

C) Improved performance Page Ref: 35-36 Objective: 3.13 Recognize signs of stress in yourself and others.

Question 38

According to Maslow's Hierarchy, which of the following provides motivation for learning, challenging work, and progress toward other goals? A) Social needs B) Physiological needs C) Esteem needs D) Self-actualization

Answer 38

D) Self-actualization Page Ref: 35 Objective: 3.5 Describe the components of wellness, including considerations for nutrition and physical fitness.