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AEMT > Ch. 27 > Flashcards

Ch. 27 Flashcards

1
Q

A foreign substance that elicits the response of the immune system is called:

A) histamine.
B) antigen.
C) antibody.
D) stimulant.

A

B) antigen.

Page Ref: 665
Objective: 27.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter; 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis.

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2
Q

What cells release histamine when they recognize antigen-antibody complexes?

A) Mast cells
B) Helper T cells
C) Antigens
D) Lymphocytes

A

A) Mast cells

Page Ref: 665
Objective: 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis.

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3
Q

Sensitization is defined as:

A) an exaggerated response to a particular antigen.
B) the cascade of events that occurs following activation by a foreign substance.
C) the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen.
D) the manifestation of severe, systemic effects of a histamine release.

A

C) the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen.

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis.

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4
Q

Fluid released from leaky capillaries as a result of histamine results in:

A) mottling.
B) eczema.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) hives.

A

D) hives.

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis; 27.6 Describe the effects of excessive histamine release on the body.

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5
Q

Your patient is a 23-year-old man who was complaining of shortness of breath following a bee sting. He is audibly wheezing, and his respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute. His skin is cool and clammy, and he is tachycardic. What is the primary drug used to treat this patient?

A) Atropine
B) Epinephrine
C) Diphenhydramine
D) Albuterol

A

B) Epinephrine

Page Ref: 667-668
Objective: 27.4 Recognize the signs, symptoms, and history associated with anaphylaxis.

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6
Q

Which of the following is your FIRST priority when responding to the scene of a patient complaining of anaphylaxis?

A) Scene safety
B) Respiratory support
C) Airway maintenance
D) Fluid resuscitation

A

A) Scene safety

Page Ref: 666
Objective: 27.2 Explain the importance of being able to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions.

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7
Q

An allergic reaction, as contrasted with an anaphylactic reaction, will:

A) have a more rapid onset with more serious symptoms.
B) require fluids to support blood pressure.
C) have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms.
D) present a patient with an altered mental status.

A

C) have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms.

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

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8
Q

What is the preferred route and dose of epinephrine for adult suffering from an anaphylactic reaction?

A) 0.3-0.5 mg SQ
B) 0.3-0.5 mg IM
C) 3-5 mg SQ
D) 3.0-5.0 mg IV

A

B) 0.3-0.5 mg IM

Page Ref: 671
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

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9
Q

Your patient is experiencing profuse hives, itching, dyspnea, coughing, tachycardia, and dizziness after eating seafood five minutes ago. You might also expect to see all of the following additional signs EXCEPT:

A) cyanosis.
B) laryngeal edema.
C) bronchospasm.
D) hypertension.

A

D) hypertension.

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.5 Explain the life-threatening mechanisms of anaphylaxis, including airway compromise, impaired ventilation and oxygenation, and impaired perfusion.

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10
Q

Which sign associated with an allergic reaction should concern a caregiver the MOST?

A) Wheezing
B) Warm, flushed skin
C) GI distress
D) Urticaria

A

A) Wheezing

Page Ref: 667
Objective: 27.12 Describe the roles of airway management, fluid administration, and medications in the treatment of allergic and anaphylactic reactions.

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11
Q

Which medication would be the BEST choice for reducing the bronchospasm and laryngeal edema associated with anaphylaxis?

A) Solu-Medrol
B) Oxygen
C) Albuterol
D) Dexamethasone

A

C) Albuterol

Page Ref: 671
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

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12
Q

Diphenhydramine is administered in anaphylaxis because it:

A) blocks histamine receptors.
B) causes vasoconstriction.
C) treats bronchospasm.
D) relaxes smooth vessels.

A

A) blocks histamine receptors.

Page Ref: 671
Objective: 27.6 Describe the effects of excessive histamine release on the body.

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13
Q

Which of the following mediators is responsible for many of the manifestations of anaphylaxis?

A) Antibodies
B) Basophils
C) Macrophages
D) Histamine

A

D) Histamine

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis.

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14
Q

You are caring for a young woman who has been stung by a wasp. There is redness and a hard knot where she was stung. Her vital signs are stable, and she denies respiratory distress. Which of the following is MOST appropriate for this patient?

A) Administer 0.3 mg of epinephrine SQ.
B) Assist her with her EpiPen™.
C) Continue with your focused history.
D) Administer nebulized albuterol.

A

C) Continue with your focused history.

Page Ref: 667
Objective: 27.4 Recognize the signs, symptoms, and history associated with anaphylaxis.

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15
Q

Which of the following is usually associated with an anaphylactoid reaction?

A) Radiological dyes
B) Shellfish
C) Tree nuts
D) Latex exposure

A

A) Radiological dyes

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.7 Describe the difference between an anaphylactic and an anaphylactoid reaction.

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16
Q

You respond for a patient showing signs of anaphylaxis. During your history, you discover that she has just starting taking Vasotec for hypertension. Which of the following should you suspect?

A) An immediate hypersensitivity response
B) Angioneurotic edema
C) An anaphylactoid reaction
D) An IgE-mediated allergic reaction

A

B) Angioneurotic edema

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.8 Apply knowledge of substances that commonly cause anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to develop an appropriate index of suspicion for these conditions.

17
Q

Which of the following is a potentially life-threatening condition involving the head, neck, face, and upper airway?

A) Hives
B) Wheals
C) Urticaria
D) Angioedema

A

D) Angioedema

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.

18
Q

You are responding to a patient who has a weepy rash that itches intensely. She states that a couple of days ago she cleaned out a wooded area behind her home. How should you manage this apparent allergic reaction?

A) Provide oxygen via NRB and 100 mg of Benadryl IM.
B) Administer Benadryl IV and 0.3 mg of 1:1,000 epinephrine.
C) Administer Benadryl and 0.5 mg of 1:10,000 epinephrine.
D) The patient’s reaction is mild and does not require immediate prehospital treatment.

A

D) The patient’s reaction is mild and does not require immediate prehospital treatment.

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.10 Differentiate between patients who require prehospital treatment with epinephrine and those who do not.

19
Q

Which of the following statements regarding corticosteroids is CORRECT?

A) They impair the body’s ability to respond to disease.
B) They increase the number of red blood cells produced.
C) They suppress cancer cell reproduction.
D) They lower the body’s risk for infection.

A

A) They impair the body’s ability to respond to disease.

Page Ref: 665
Objective: 27.15 Recognize conditions that compromise immunity.

20
Q

What is an unfortunate side effect of the treatment for autoimmune disease?

A) Patients often develop peripheral neuropathy.
B) The patient has a dramatic increase in red blood cells.
C) The patient is less able to fight infectious diseases.
D) Patients experience increased gastrointestinal motility.

A

C) The patient is less able to fight infectious diseases.

Page Ref: 664-665
Objective: 27.17 Describe considerations for patients living with transplanted organs or tissues.

21
Q

Which of the following statements regarding autoimmune disease is CORRECT?

A) Type 1 diabetes is a well-known autoimmune disease.
B) The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them.
C) Graves’ disease is a common form of collagen vascular disease.
D) There is a marked decrease in production of bone marrow cells.

A

B) The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them.

Page Ref: 665
Objective: 27.16 Describe the basic pathophysiology of common autoimmune/collagen vascular diseases.

22
Q

Your patient is having a reaction after taking a new ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which of the following would you MOST likely see?

A) Angioedema
B) Hypertension
C) Diaphoresis
D) Hyperthermia

A

A) Angioedema

Page Ref: 669
Objective: 27.8 Apply knowledge of substances that commonly cause anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to develop an appropriate index of suspicion for these conditions.

23
Q

All of the following are signs or symptoms of histamine release EXCEPT:

A) constriction of bronchioles.
B) decreased vascular permeability.
C) edema in the airway.
D) peripheral vasodilation.

A

B) decreased vascular permeability.

Page Ref: 669-670
Objective: 27.3 Describe the pathophysiologic process by which exposure to an antigen results in anaphylaxis.

24
Q

What is the role of diphenhydramine in anaphylaxis?

A) Relaxes the smooth muscle in the lungs
B) Causes constriction of peripheral blood vessels
C) Reduces wheezes in the upper airways
D) Prevents histamine from binding to histamine receptors

A

D) Prevents histamine from binding to histamine receptors

Page Ref: 671
Objective: 27.2 Explain the importance of being able to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions.

25
Q

The onset of anaphylaxis usually begins:

A) within 30-60 seconds.
B) within 3-5 minutes.
C) after 10 minutes.
D) within an hour.

A

A) within 30-60 seconds.

Page Ref: 666
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

26
Q

If a patient is apparently unresponsive and not breathing, immediately check for a pulse. If you do not detect a pulse, within how many seconds should you begin chest compressions and apply an AED?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 30

A

B) 10

Page Ref: 666
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

27
Q

Patients with an allergic reaction that produces mild to moderate wheezing without airway swelling or hypotension may be best served by receiving:

A) oxygen.
B) an albuterol treatment.
C) IV fluids.
D) a blood transfusion.

A

B) an albuterol treatment.

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

28
Q

Which of the following signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction would be considered anaphylaxis?

A) Nausea
B) Increased peristalsis
C) Scattered wheezing
D) Cyanosis and respiratory distress

A

D) Cyanosis and respiratory distress

Page Ref: 669, Table 27-2
Objective: 27.2 Explain the importance of being able to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions.

29
Q

Calculating a dose of epinephrine for a 60 lb. (27.27 kg) child would result in providing the child how much medication?

A) 0.1 mg
B) 0.2 mg
C) 0.3 mg
D) 0.5 mg

A

C) 0.3 mg

Page Ref: 671
Objective: 27.13 Given a variety of scenarios of patients with allergic and anaphylactic reactions, implement an appropriate treatment plan for each.

30
Q

Upon examining the patient, you notice that this 45-year-old man is exhibiting inflammation of the skin and blood vessels. What autoimmune diseases might this individual be experiencing?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Psoriasis
C) Scleroderma
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

C) Scleroderma

Page Ref: 671, Table 27-3
Objective: 27.16 Describe the basic pathophysiology of common autoimmune/collagen vascular diseases.

31
Q

When reassessing a patient after administering epinephrine, be aware that when given intramuscularly the duration of this medication is about:

A) 5-10 minutes.
B) 10-20 minutes.
C) 20-30 minutes.
D) an hour.

A

B) 10-20 minutes.

Page Ref: 668
Objective: 27.14 Explain the necessity of ongoing evaluation of the patient having, or at risk for, an anaphylactic reaction.

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