Ch. 13 Flashcards
Always perform a patient assessment and take a history to determine whether a drug is indicated. A known drug allergy to the intended drug is always a(n):
A) indication.
B) contraindication.
C) side effect.
D) precaution.
B) contraindication.
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
An IV fluid solution such as normal saline that contains water, electrolytes, and in some cases, dextrose would be referred to as a(n):
A) colloid.
B) analgesic.
C) crystalloid.
D) collusion.
C) crystalloid.
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
An IV fluid solution that contains proteins or large starch molecules would be referred to as a(n):
A) colloid.
B) analgesic.
C) crystalloid.
D) collusion.
A) colloid.
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Crystalloid solutions may be ________, ________, or ________ with respect to body fluids.
A) hypothermic; isothermic; hyperthermic
B) hypoglycemic; isoglycemic; hyperglycemic
C) hypolateral; isolateral; hyperlateral
D) hypotonic; isotonic; hypertonic
D) hypotonic; isotonic; hypertonic
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
In patients with blood loss, only about ________ of an administered isotonic fluid is still in the vascular space ________ after it is administered.
A) one-half; two hours
B) one-third; one hour
C) two-thirds; one hour
D) three-quarters; two hours
B) one-third; one hour
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which fluid solutions given in therapeutic amounts do NOT cause significant fluid or electrolyte shifts in patients with normal fluid status?
A) Hypotonic crystalloids
B) Hypertonic colloids
C) Isotonic crystalloids
D) Isotonic colloids
C) Isotonic crystalloids
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
The preferred IV solutions for fluid replacement in the prehospital setting would be:
A) hypotonic crystalloids.
B) isotonic crystalloids.
C) hypertonic colloids.
D) isotonic colloids.
B) isotonic crystalloids.
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Which IV fluids cause water to leave the cells and enter the vascular space?
A) Hypotonic crystalloids
B) Isotonic crystalloids
C) Hypertonic crystalloids
D) Isotonic colloids
C) Hypertonic crystalloids
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Which IV fluids cause a shift of fluid from the intravascular space to the intracellular space?
A) Hypotonic crystalloids
B) Isotonic crystalloids
C) Hypertonic crystalloids
D) Isotonic colloids
A) Hypotonic crystalloids
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.
Which IV fluid solution is essentially sterile water with sodium chloride (NaCl) added to equal the amount in the human body?
A) D5W
B) One-half normal saline (0.45 percent saline solution)
C) Lactated Ringer’s
D) Normal saline (0.9 percent saline solution)
D) Normal saline (0.9 percent saline solution)
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which IV fluid solution is a hypotonic solution of sterile water containing 5 percent dextrose by volume and is useful in patients who are prone to fluid overload?
A) D5W
B) Normal saline
C) D10W
D) Lactated Ringer’s
A) D5W
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which IV fluid solution is an isotonic crystalloid that contains sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium?
A) D5W
B) Normal saline
C) Lactated Ringer’s
D) One-half normal saline
C) Lactated Ringer’s
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which IV fluid solution contains a substance that is involved in the blood buffer system and is useful on patients in acidosis, such as those with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A) D5W
B) Lactated Ringer’s
C) One-half normal saline
D) Normal saline
B) Lactated Ringer’s
Page Ref: 315
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which of the following is a contraindication to administering isotonic crystalloid solutions such as lactated Ringer’s and normal saline?
A) Patients with traumatic brain injury
B) Patients with stroke
C) Patients that require fluid replacement
D) Patients with congestive heart failure
D) Patients with congestive heart failure
Page Ref: 316
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which of the following is a contraindication to administering hypotonic D5W IV solutions?
A) Patients with congestive heart failure
B) Patients with renal failure
C) Patients with traumatic brain injury
D) Patients with suspected hyperkalemia
C) Patients with traumatic brain injury
Page Ref: 316
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which medication administered by the AEMT has minimal beta1 adrenergic effects but may increase heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, and should be used with caution in patients with heart disease?
A) Aspirin
B) Albuterol sulfate
C) Nitroglycerine
D) Naloxone
B) Albuterol sulfate
Page Ref: 317
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
An analgesic is a pain reliever. Which of the following is NOT an analgesic?
A) Aspirin
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Acetaminophen
D) Nitroglycerin
D) Nitroglycerin
Page Ref: 317, 320, 321
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
You are treating a four-year-old for hypoglycemia using a dextrose solution. The CORRECT dosage and concentration for this patient would be:
A) 0.1 mg/kg of a 50 percent dextrose solution.
B) 0.5 mg/kg of a 10 percent dextrose solution.
C) 0.5 g/kg of a 25 percent dextrose solution.
D) 0.5 g/kg of a 50 percent dextrose solution.
C) 0.5 g/kg of a 25 percent dextrose solution.
Page Ref: 318
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
You are treating a neonate for hypoglycemia using a dextrose solution. The CORRECT dosage and concentration for this patient would be:
A) 0.1 mg/kg of a 50 percent dextrose solution.
B) 0.5 g/kg of a 10 percent dextrose solution.
C) 0.5 mg/kg of a 25 percent dextrose solution.
D) 0.5 g/kg of a 50 percent dextrose solution.
B) 0.5 g/kg of a 10 percent dextrose solution.
Page Ref: 318
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
You are treating a pediatric patient suffering from severe acute anaphylaxis using a solution of epinephrine. The CORRECT dosage and concentration for this patient would be:
A) 0.01 mg/kg of a 1:1,000 concentration.
B) 0.3 mg/kg of a 1:10,000 concentration.
C) 0.01 mg/kg of a 1:10,000 concentration.
D) 0.3 mg/kg of a 1:1,000 concentration.
A) 0.01 mg/kg of a 1:1,000 concentration.
Page Ref: 318-319
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
A naturally occurring hormone that promotes the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose to increase blood glucose levels is:
A) oral glucose.
B) dextrose 50 percent.
C) epinephrine.
D) glucagon.
D) glucagon.
Page Ref: 319
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which medication is administered intramuscularly for emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia when it is NOT possible to establish an IV line?
A) Glucose (D50)
B) Glycogen
C) Glucagon
D) Glucose (D10)
C) Glucagon
Page Ref: 319
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
Which of the following medications is administered orally or applied to the buccal mucosa in hypoglycemic patients who are awake and are NOT at risk of aspiration?
A) Glucogon
B) Oral glucose
C) Dextrose 50 percent
D) Glycogen
B) Oral glucose
Page Ref: 319
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
By which mechanism of action does naloxone work as a narcotic antagonist to reverse respiratory depression associated with narcotic overdose?
A) Naloxone has a greater affinity for narcotic receptor sites than opiates, displacing them from the receptors.
B) Naloxone blocks part of the chemical reaction responsible for activating narcotics.
C) Naloxone increases glucose concentration in the blood for the reversal of acute overdose.
D) Naloxone is administered in overdose to cause vasoconstriction and relax bronchiolar smooth muscle.
A) Naloxone has a greater affinity for narcotic receptor sites than opiates, displacing them from the receptors.
Page Ref: 319
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
A contradiction to administering nitroglycerin to an ACS patient would be:
A) a previous coronary arterial bypass graph (CABG).
B) associated hypertension within the last 24 to 36 hours.
C) chest pain associated with tachycardia and dyspnea.
D) use of erectile dysfunction medications within 24 to 36 hours.
D) use of erectile dysfunction medications within 24 to 36 hours.
Page Ref: 320
Objective: 13.2 Describe the drug profiles for each of the following medications: - Acetaminophen - Activated charcoal - Aspirin - Dextrose 50 percent, 25 percent, and 10 percent for treating hypoglycemia, and 5 percent in water for intravenous infusion - Epinephrine 1:1,000 Glucagon - Ibuprofen - Inhaled beta2 agonists - Lactated Ringer’s solution for intravenous infusion - Naloxone - Nitroglycerin tablets and spray - Nitrous oxide - Oral glucose - Other isotonic intravenous solutions as allowed by medical direction - Oxygen - Sodium chloride solution 0.9 percent for intravenous infusion.
