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AEMT > Ch. 26 > Flashcards

Ch. 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements about immunity is TRUE?

A) Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity.
B) Mast cells are eosinophils that migrate into the tissues.
C) Most specific antibodies are present are birth.
D) Cell-mediated immunity uses antibody formation to combat pathogens.

A

A) Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity.

Page Ref: 653
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

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2
Q

Of the following, which would be the MOST likely dysfunction experienced by a patient with multiple myeloma?

A) Decreased T cell production
B) Decreased blood cell production
C) Increased T cell production
D) Increased blood cell production

A

B) Decreased blood cell production

Page Ref: 659
Objective: 26.9 Develop a list of differential diagnoses for patients presenting with signs and symptoms of hematologic disorders.

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3
Q

In which of the following disorders are pathological fractures MOST commonly seen?

A) Lymphadenopathy
B) Sickle cell
C) Anemia
D) Multiple myeloma

A

D) Multiple myeloma

Page Ref: 659
Objective: 26.9 Develop a list of differential diagnoses for patients presenting with signs and symptoms of hematologic disorders.

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4
Q

Systemic activation of clotting mechanisms can result from all of the following EXCEPT:

A) sepsis.
B) calcium overdose.
C) transfusion reactions.
D) surgery.

A

B) calcium overdose.

Page Ref: 660
Objective: 26.7 Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of disorders of coagulation and hemostasis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemophilia.

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5
Q

You respond for a 52-year-old woman complaining of pain in her right calf. She has been relatively immobile since fracturing her ankle two weeks earlier. You should first suspect:

A) deep vein thrombosis.
B) pathological fracture.
C) multiple myeloma.
D) sickle cell crisis.

A

A) deep vein thrombosis.

Page Ref: 660
Objective: 26.8 Discuss the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and consequences of deep vein thrombosis.

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6
Q

Your patient just deplaned from a long coast-to-coast flight, and you are called because he has had an acute onset of shortness of breath. You should suspect:

A) an acute asthma attack.
B) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
C) a pulmonary embolism due to DVT.
D) flash pulmonary edema.

A

C) a pulmonary embolism due to DVT.

Page Ref: 660
Objective: 26.8 Discuss the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and consequences of deep vein thrombosis.

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7
Q

Patients with anemia usually become symptomatic when their hematocrit falls below:

A) 10 percent.
B) 15 percent.
C) 30 percent.
D) 40 percent.

A

C) 30 percent.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.5 Describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of anemias.

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8
Q

Which of the following is the hallmark of anemia?

A) Misshapen red blood cells
B) Decreased WBC count
C) Decrease in clotting factors
D) Abnormally low hematocrit

A

D) Abnormally low hematocrit

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.5 Describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of anemias.

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9
Q

All of the following are TRUE regarding sickle cell disease EXCEPT:

A) patients have inherited an abnormal gene from both parents.
B) large clumps of sickle cells obstruct arterial blood flow.
C) the red blood cells take on an abnormal curved appearance.
D) the red blood cells have a very short life span.

A

B) large clumps of sickle cells obstruct arterial blood flow.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.3 Describe the pathophysiology and complications of sickle cell disease.

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10
Q

Which of the following is the major cause of pain for the sickle cell patient?

A) Clumps of sickle cells obstruct capillary beds.
B) Blood pools in the spleen causing pain.
C) Hemolysis of the cells leads to gallstones.
D) Blood clots form in the lungs.

A

A) Clumps of sickle cells obstruct capillary beds.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.4 Recognize the signs and symptoms of vaso-occlusive crisis.

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11
Q

All of the following could be a result of a vaso-occlusive crisis EXCEPT:

A) pain.
B) spontaneous bleeding.
C) priapism.
D) ischemia.

A

B) spontaneous bleeding.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.4 Recognize the signs and symptoms of vaso-occlusive crisis.

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12
Q

Which of the following is associated with sickle cell disease?

A) Premature RBC destruction
B) Decrease in WBC production
C) Abnormal WBC production
D) Profuse, abnormal night sweats

A

A) Premature RBC destruction

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.3 Describe the pathophysiology and complications of sickle cell disease.

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13
Q

The primary treatment for an acute sickle cell crisis includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) IV fluid administration.
B) narcotic analgesia.
C) anticoagulants.
D) oxygen therapy.

A

C) anticoagulants.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.10 Provide prehospital treatment appropriate to the needs of patients with a variety of hematologic disorders.

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14
Q

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

A) Leukemia is a disease of children and young adults, not older adults.
B) Leukemias are cancers of red blood cells.
C) A patient with leukemia may bleed excessively.
D) Common forms include Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

C) A patient with leukemia may bleed excessively.

Page Ref: 659
Objective: 26.6 Explain the etiology and pathophysiology of diseases of the white blood cells, including leukemias and lymphomas.

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15
Q

Many of the proteins that make up part of plasma volume, such as albumin and clotting factors, are manufactured in the:

A) bone marrow.
B) spleen.
C) kidneys.
D) liver.

A

D) liver.

Page Ref: 651
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

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16
Q

The ________ migrate into the tissues, where they release histamine and heparin.

A) mast cells
B) macrophages
C) thrombocytes
D) white blood cells

A

A) mast cells

Page Ref: 653
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

17
Q

Petechiae are recognizable as:

A) bruising of the skin over the joints.
B) small, blotchy areas of hemorrhage.
C) a collection of blood in the tissues.
D) pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin.

A

D) pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin.

Page Ref: 656
Objective: 26.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.

18
Q

Which of the following situations would NOT result in anemia?

A) Increased production of erythrocytes
B) Iron deficiency
C) Blood loss
D) Destruction of red blood cells

A

A) Increased production of erythrocytes

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.5 Describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of anemias.

19
Q

What type of anemia occurs when the bone marrow does NOT produce an adequate number of RBCs, WBCs, or platelets?

A) Pernicious anemia
B) Aplastic anemia
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Iron deficiency anemia

A

B) Aplastic anemia

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.5 Describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of anemias.

20
Q

You are caring for a patient who had uncontrolled bleeding from his nose due to a clotting disorder. How would you describe this problem in your documentation?

A) Purpura
B) Petechiae
C) Epistaxis
D) Hemolysis

A

C) Epistaxis

Page Ref: 656
Objective: 26.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.

21
Q

During coagulation, a circulating substance creates a meshwork to reinforce the blood clot and stabilize it. What is this substance called?

A) Fibrin
B) Platelets
C) Antibodies
D) Rh antigen

A

A) Fibrin

Page Ref: 653
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

22
Q

Your patient has type A+ blood. Which of the following statements about the patient’s blood is TRUE?

A) The patient produces anti-A antibodies.
B) The patient can only receive A+ blood if a transfusion is needed.
C) There are type A antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.
D) The blood cells lack Rh antigens.

A

C) There are type A antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.

Page Ref: 654
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

23
Q

If your patient has type O+ blood, what other blood type(s) can she receive?

A) O-
B) AB-
C) AB- and O-
D) AB+

A

A) O-

Page Ref: 655
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

24
Q

Which of the following is TRUE concerning sickle cell anemia?

A) It is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own hemoglobin.
B) It is a hereditary disease involving abnormal hemoglobin.
C) It is an acquired disease in which the body cannot absorb iron.
D) It is a hereditary disease involving lack of intrinsic factor.

A

B) It is a hereditary disease involving abnormal hemoglobin.

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.3 Describe the pathophysiology and complications of sickle cell disease.

25
Q

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is MOST accurate?

A) Hemophilia is a hereditary abnormality of the platelets.
B) Hemophilia is a hereditary disease in which the body is unable to produce vitamin K.
C) Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that causes fibrin clots to dissolve prematurely.
D) Hemophilia is a hereditary lack of certain proteins needed in the clotting cascade.

A

D) Hemophilia is a hereditary lack of certain proteins needed in the clotting cascade.

Page Ref: 659
Objective: 26.7 Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of disorders of coagulation and hemostasis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemophilia.

26
Q

Which of the following can cause an increase in white blood cell production?

A) Living at high altitudes
B) Hypoxia
C) Infection or inflammation
D) Chemotherapy

A

C) Infection or inflammation

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.6 Explain the etiology and pathophysiology of diseases of the white blood cells, including leukemias and lymphomas.

27
Q

The universal blood donor type is:

A) A.
B) B.
C) O.
D) AB.

A

C) O.

Page Ref: 655
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

28
Q

The most accurate term for a hemorrhagic area in the skin over 3 mm in diameter is:

A) purpura.
B) hematuria.
C) petechiae.
D) pruritus.

A

A) purpura.

Page Ref: 656
Objective: 26.1 Define key terms introduced in this chapter.

29
Q

A systemic overactivation of clotting mechanisms is called:

A) deep vein thrombosis.
B) hemophilia.
C) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
D) sickle cell crisis.

A

C) disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Page Ref: 660
Objective: 26.7 Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of disorders of coagulation and hemostasis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemophilia.

30
Q

When on the scene, noncritical patients should be reassessed at least every ________ minutes.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 30

A

C) 15

Page Ref: 657
Objective: 26.10 Provide prehospital treatment appropriate to the needs of patients with a variety of hematologic disorders.

31
Q

A patient that is experiencing a transfusion reaction would likely be exhibiting:

A) severe night sweats.
B) dyspnea.
C) fever.
D) abdominal pain.

A

C) fever.

Page Ref: 657
Objective: 26.9 Develop a list of differential diagnoses for patients presenting with signs and symptoms of hematologic disorders.

32
Q

Patients diagnosed with, or at high risk for, DVT are usually prescribed:

A) a diuretic.
B) an anti-inflammatory.
C) analgesics.
D) an anticoagulant medication.

A

D) an anticoagulant medication.

Page Ref: 660
Objective: 26.10 Provide prehospital treatment appropriate to the needs of patients with a variety of hematologic disorders.

33
Q

The hematocrit and the level of hemoglobin in the blood are important measures of the blood’s:

A) metabolism.
B) level of erythropoietin.
C) iron-containing protein.
D) oxygen-carrying capacity.

A

D) oxygen-carrying capacity.

Page Ref: 652
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

34
Q

Mast cells are:

A) acquired through a complex immune system.
B) basophils that migrate into the tissues.
C) signaled by chemical messengers to travel to areas where they are needed.
D) monocytes that have migrated into the tissues.

A

B) basophils that migrate into the tissues.

Page Ref: 653
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

35
Q

Which of the following is an indication of infection?

A) Platelet production
B) Increased WBC count
C) Decreased red blood cells
D) Presence of anti-Rh antibodies

A

B) Increased WBC count

Page Ref: 658
Objective: 26.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the hematologic system.

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