CH 7.2: Relationships with Others Flashcards
who was the first theorist to discuss the importance of emotional ties to the mother for psyc. development?
Freud
children who form an attachment to an adult are more likely to _______
survive
who argued that evolution favors behaviors that are likely to provoke caregiving from an adult?
John Bowlby
when do babies typically start responding differently to people and objects?
in their first few months
it is important that mothers do what when the baby is alert? why?
interact with the baby. because this makes the infant trust that their mother will respond predictably, reassuringly, sensitively, etc
what factors can disrupt the development of a strong child-adult bond?
mother not responding to alert baby, maternal depression, children in orphanages, an abusive environment, autism, brain injury
internal working model
set of expectations about parents availability and responsivity in times of stress
what explains why babies cry when left with a sitter?
they’ve developed an attachment to their parents
physically playing with babies exposes them to what? what’s an appropriate level of physical play?
intense emotional experiences; moderate
a weird relationship exists between attachment and the parents’ which of the 5 senses?
olfaction
attachment is not only found in a maternal bond; where else is there attachment in life?
extended family, dating, sexual relationships
who conducted the “strange situation” experiment on attachment?
Mary Ainsworth
the four attachment types can fall under which 2 categories?
secure or insecure
4 primary types of attachment
secure, avoidant, resistant, disoriented
secure attachment
babies may/may not cry if their mother leaves, but once they’ve returned the baby stops crying. 60-65% of american babies
avoidant attachment
the baby is not upset when the mother leaves, and they may even ignore her when she returns (out of spite/frustration for mother leaving) 20% of american babies
resistant attachment
baby is upset when mother leaves and is difficult to console when mother returns. 10-15% of american babies
disoriented/disorganized attachment
baby is confused when mother leaves and confused when they return. 5-10% of american babies
many theorists believe that attachment early in life lays the foundation for what later in life?
strong social relationships
there seems to be a strong relationship between ____________ and emotional intelligence
secure attachment
modern attachment theory’s 3 types of adults
autonomous: describe childhood objectively
dismissive: describe childhood in general terms
preoccupied: describe childhood emotionally with anger/confusion regarding their relationships w/ parents
attachment theory says only which type of parent is likely to provide the sensitive caregiving that promotes secure attachment?
autonomous
insecure attachment is more likely with what 2 factors involved?
baby has a difficult temperament (they’re hard to console), and a mother whose personality is rigid
reactive attachment disorder
pattern of inappropriate interpersonal behaviors by children thought to be a result of disruptions of attachment with a primary caregiver early in life
how was child care found to affect a secure mother-infant attachment
no effect
insecure attachments are more common when what type of mother puts their baby in what type of child care
less sensitive; low-quality
what is the KEY to high quality childcare
responsive caregiving
infants prefering a helpful person > neutral person > someone who causes harm to others indicates infants may have a sense of what from birth?
morality
4 types of play
non-social, parallel, simple social and cooperative
parallel play
infants play alone but are interested in how others play
simple social play
when babies start engaging/playing with their own toys but together (15-18mo)
co-operative play
children playing hide and seek, having tea parties together, etc.
