CH 7.2: Relationships with Others

Question 1

who was the first theorist to discuss the importance of emotional ties to the mother for psyc. development?

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

children who form an attachment to an adult are more likely to _______

Answer 2

survive

Question 3

who argued that evolution favors behaviors that are likely to provoke caregiving from an adult?

Answer 3

John Bowlby

Question 4

when do babies typically start responding differently to people and objects?

Answer 4

in their first few months

Question 5

it is important that mothers do what when the baby is alert? why?

Answer 5

interact with the baby. because this makes the infant trust that their mother will respond predictably, reassuringly, sensitively, etc

Question 6

what factors can disrupt the development of a strong child-adult bond?

Answer 6

mother not responding to alert baby, maternal depression, children in orphanages, an abusive environment, autism, brain injury

Question 7

internal working model

Answer 7

set of expectations about parents availability and responsivity in times of stress

Question 8

what explains why babies cry when left with a sitter?

Answer 8

they’ve developed an attachment to their parents

Question 9

physically playing with babies exposes them to what? what’s an appropriate level of physical play?

Answer 9

intense emotional experiences; moderate

Question 10

a weird relationship exists between attachment and the parents’ which of the 5 senses?

Answer 10

olfaction

Question 11

attachment is not only found in a maternal bond; where else is there attachment in life?

Answer 11

extended family, dating, sexual relationships

Question 12

who conducted the “strange situation” experiment on attachment?

Answer 12

Mary Ainsworth

Question 13

the four attachment types can fall under which 2 categories?

Answer 13

secure or insecure

Question 14

4 primary types of attachment

Answer 14

secure, avoidant, resistant, disoriented

Question 15

secure attachment

Answer 15

babies may/may not cry if their mother leaves, but once they’ve returned the baby stops crying. 60-65% of american babies

Question 16

avoidant attachment

Answer 16

the baby is not upset when the mother leaves, and they may even ignore her when she returns (out of spite/frustration for mother leaving) 20% of american babies

Question 17

resistant attachment

Answer 17

baby is upset when mother leaves and is difficult to console when mother returns. 10-15% of american babies

Question 18

disoriented/disorganized attachment

Answer 18

baby is confused when mother leaves and confused when they return. 5-10% of american babies

Question 19

many theorists believe that attachment early in life lays the foundation for what later in life?

Answer 19

strong social relationships

Question 20

there seems to be a strong relationship between ____________ and emotional intelligence

Answer 20

secure attachment

Question 21

modern attachment theory’s 3 types of adults

Answer 21

autonomous: describe childhood objectively
dismissive: describe childhood in general terms
preoccupied: describe childhood emotionally with anger/confusion regarding their relationships w/ parents

Question 22

attachment theory says only which type of parent is likely to provide the sensitive caregiving that promotes secure attachment?

Answer 22

autonomous

Question 23

insecure attachment is more likely with what 2 factors involved?

Answer 23

baby has a difficult temperament (they’re hard to console), and a mother whose personality is rigid

Question 24

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 24

pattern of inappropriate interpersonal behaviors by children thought to be a result of disruptions of attachment with a primary caregiver early in life

Question 25

how was child care found to affect a secure mother-infant attachment

Answer 25

no effect

Question 26

insecure attachments are more common when what type of mother puts their baby in what type of child care

Answer 26

less sensitive; low-quality

Question 27

what is the KEY to high quality childcare

Answer 27

responsive caregiving

Question 28

infants prefering a helpful person > neutral person > someone who causes harm to others indicates infants may have a sense of what from birth?

Answer 28

morality

Question 29

4 types of play

Answer 29

non-social, parallel, simple social and cooperative

Question 30

parallel play

Answer 30

infants play alone but are interested in how others play

Question 31

simple social play

Answer 31

when babies start engaging/playing with their own toys but together (15-18mo)

Question 32

co-operative play

Answer 32

children playing hide and seek, having tea parties together, etc.