CH 1 Summary Flashcards
started first psyc lab in Canada
James Mark Baldwin
5 traditional perspectives
biological, psychodynamic, contextual, cognitive-developmental, learning
maturational theory main point
child development is a natural unfolding of a prearranged biological plan
ethological theory main point
child behavior has survival value
main point of psychodynamic perspective
role of unconscious conflict in development
Freud’s psychosexual development stages main point
focus on physical pleasure through different zones of the body
Erikson’s psychosocial theory main point
each stages is characterized by a different social struggle
learning theory focuses on what primarily
observable behavior over cognition/unconscious
social cognitive theorists focus on what
behavior and cognition; say people learn by interacting with others and interpreting the events they observe
main point of Piagetian theory and its perspective
children create their own theories of how the world works; cognitive-developmental
cognitive-developmental perspective says development occurs how?
maturation, qualitative change and quantitative change
what did Vygotsky emphasize in child dev & perspective
role of culture and social learning; contextual
Bronfenbenner’s proposition and what theory
development occurs in interconnected systems (micro, macro, etc); contextual
3 newer approaches to child dev
info-processing, evolutionary, developmental psychopathology
info-processing theory compares memory and cognitive processes to what
mental hardware and mental software
what do evolutionary theorists believe about why children’s behaviors/characteristics develop
they developed because of their survival value to the child and species
how does dev. psychopathology view development
as a hierarchy that is constantly being reorganized; tries to explain abnormal development
4 themes of developmental research
1: early dev is related to later dev. but is not entirely rigid or flexible
2: dev is influenced by both heredity and environment
3: kids help determine/influence their own development
4: different areas of dev are connected (cognitive, physical, social, emotional)
