CH 5 Summary Flashcards
growth is top-down and center-out in nature. what terms describe this
cephalocaudal; proximodistal
children born today tend to be larger/smaller than previous gens
larger
main influence of height and weight
heredity
GH and what it affects
growth hormone; bone and muscle growth
what does thyroxine affect
nerve cells
why is nutrition especially important during infancy
its a period of rapid growth
healthy development is a __________ for many hildren
challenge
2 massive threats to healthy growth
malnutrition and infectious diseases
number one cause of toddler deaths in north america
accidents
basic nerve cell composition
cell body, dendrite, axon
what does the cell body contain
biological mechanisms for maintaining cellular life
functions of the frontal cortex
personality and goal-directed behavior
left and right cortex responsibilities
left: language
right: nonverbal processes
when does the brain begin to form?
the stage in prenatal development in which neurons develop at an incredible rate
myelin
coating that wraps around the axons to allow info to be transmitted more rapidly
synaptic pruning
when unused synapses disappear gradually throughout childhood
methods used to investigate brain functioning in kids
-studying kids with brain damage
-recording electrical activity in the brain
-imaging techniques
left cortex language processing occurs when
around the time of birth
when does the right cortex start controlling some nonverbal functions
very early in infancy
when is control of the rest of right-hemisphere functions (other than nonverbal) achieved
by the preschool years
when does the frontal cortex well regulate goal directed behavior and emotions
1yr old
when can babies start to walk
around 1yr
what determines handedness
heredity, can also be influenced by experience and cultural values
when does handedness start to emerge
after the first birthday
what shapes the mastery of motor skills
biology and experience
what indicates underlying biological causes for motor development
motor milestones are very similar around the world
newborns prefer which tasting substances
sweet over sour/bitter
do infants experience pain
yes
how does babies hearing differ from adults
babies are less sensitive to higher and lower pitched noises than adults
compare a newborn’s vision w/ a 1yr olds
newborn: poor visual acuity
1yr: see as well as an adult with normal vision
when can children see color as adults do
3-4mo
what do infants use to distinguish objects
edges and motion
