CH 5 Summary

Question 1

growth is top-down and center-out in nature. what terms describe this

Answer 1

cephalocaudal; proximodistal

Question 2

children born today tend to be larger/smaller than previous gens

Answer 2

larger

Question 3

main influence of height and weight

Answer 3

heredity

Question 4

GH and what it affects

Answer 4

growth hormone; bone and muscle growth

Question 5

what does thyroxine affect

Answer 5

nerve cells

Question 6

why is nutrition especially important during infancy

Answer 6

its a period of rapid growth

Question 7

healthy development is a __________ for many hildren

Answer 7

challenge

Question 8

2 massive threats to healthy growth

Answer 8

malnutrition and infectious diseases

Question 9

number one cause of toddler deaths in north america

Answer 9

accidents

Question 10

basic nerve cell composition

Answer 10

cell body, dendrite, axon

Question 11

what does the cell body contain

Answer 11

biological mechanisms for maintaining cellular life

Question 12

functions of the frontal cortex

Answer 12

personality and goal-directed behavior

Question 13

left and right cortex responsibilities

Answer 13

left: language
right: nonverbal processes

Question 14

when does the brain begin to form?

Answer 14

the stage in prenatal development in which neurons develop at an incredible rate

Question 15

myelin

Answer 15

coating that wraps around the axons to allow info to be transmitted more rapidly

Question 16

synaptic pruning

Answer 16

when unused synapses disappear gradually throughout childhood

Question 17

methods used to investigate brain functioning in kids

Answer 17

-studying kids with brain damage
-recording electrical activity in the brain
-imaging techniques

Question 18

left cortex language processing occurs when

Answer 18

around the time of birth

Question 19

when does the right cortex start controlling some nonverbal functions

Answer 19

very early in infancy

Question 20

when is control of the rest of right-hemisphere functions (other than nonverbal) achieved

Answer 20

by the preschool years

Question 21

when does the frontal cortex well regulate goal directed behavior and emotions

Answer 21

1yr old

Question 22

when can babies start to walk

Answer 22

around 1yr

Question 23

what determines handedness

Answer 23

heredity, can also be influenced by experience and cultural values

Question 24

when does handedness start to emerge

Answer 24

after the first birthday

Question 25

what shapes the mastery of motor skills

Answer 25

biology and experience

Question 26

what indicates underlying biological causes for motor development

Answer 26

motor milestones are very similar around the world

Question 27

newborns prefer which tasting substances

Answer 27

sweet over sour/bitter

Question 28

do infants experience pain

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

how does babies hearing differ from adults

Answer 29

babies are less sensitive to higher and lower pitched noises than adults

Question 30

compare a newborn’s vision w/ a 1yr olds

Answer 30

newborn: poor visual acuity
1yr: see as well as an adult with normal vision

Question 31

when can children see color as adults do

Answer 31

3-4mo

Question 32

what do infants use to distinguish objects

Answer 32

edges and motion