CH 6 Summary

Question 1

schemas (Piaget)

Answer 1

mental categories of related events/objects/knowledge that are constantly changing; how children make sense of the world

Question 2

schemas are based off of what: infants vs. older children

Answer 2

infants: actions
older: functional, conceptual and abstract properties

Question 3

assimilation vs accomodation

Answer 3

assimilation: experiences are readily incorporated into existing schemas
accommodation: experiences cause schemas to be modified

Question 4

when do children reorganize their schemas

Answer 4

when accommodation becomes much more frequent than assimilation

Question 5

when does sensorimotor stage occur

Answer 5

0-2yrs old

Question 6

current view of child cognition

Answer 6

children create naive theories in areas such as physics and biology

Question 7

how does info-processing view memories and cognitive processes

Answer 7

memories: mental hardware
cognitive processes: mental software

Question 8

when do infants start responding less to stimuli

Answer 8

as they become more familiar

Question 9

infantile amnesia

Answer 9

people’s inability to remember events from early in lief

Question 10

when are infants more likely to know positions of objects relative to other objects

Answer 10

1yr

Question 11

infant intelligence tests include what types of sclaes

Answer 11

motor and mental

Question 12

are scores on infant intelligence tests highly correlated with adult IQ

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what are infant intelligence tests used for

Answer 13

determining whether development is progressing normally

Question 14

what predicts later IQ

Answer 14

habituation

Question 15

phonemes

Answer 15

basic units of sound that make up words

Question 16

when do infants stop hearing phonemes from foreign languages

Answer 16

1yr

Question 17

how can infants recognize words before they can speak

Answer 17

noticing stress and syllables that go together

Question 18

early speech sound detection leads to what

Answer 18

development of a vocab

Question 19

why do infants prefer infant directed speech

Answer 19

it provides them with important language clues

Question 20

when do babies first coo

Answer 20

3mo

Question 21

underextension

Answer 21

when a child’s meaning of a word is narrower than an adult’s meaning

Question 22

overextension

Answer 22

when a child’s meaning of a word is broader than an adult’s meaning

Question 23

referential style

Answer 23

emphasizes words as names and uses language as an intellectual tool

Question 24

expressive style

Answer 24

emphasizes phrases and uses language as a social tool