CH 12 Summary Flashcards
concrete operational thinking
kids use mental operations but their thinking is limited to what’s concrete; 7-11yrs
what does using memory strategies well depend upon
analyzing the task’s goal ad monitoring the strategy’s effectiveness
how can knowledge distort memory
causes children to forget info that does not conform to their knowledge or to falsely “remember” events that didnt actually happen
how is intelligence described
as a general factor )g) OR as also including specific factors
what factors are included in hierarchial theories
general and specific
8 multiple intelligences
linguistic
logical-mathematical
spatial
musical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic
_______ theory of multiple intelligences
Gardner’s
what does Gardner’s theory imply about schools teaching children
schools should teach to each child’s unique intellectual strengths
_______ triarchic theory of successful intelligence
Sternberg’s
3 subtheories of sternberg’s theory
contextual
experiential
componential
contextual subtheory
says intelligent behavior is defined by the individual’s culture
experiential subtheory
says intelligence is associated with task familiarity
componential subtheory
says intelligent behavior involves organizing basic cognitive processes into an efficient strategy
who created the first intelligence test
Binet
what was the goal of Binet’s first intelligence test
to identify students who would have difficult in school
what did Binet use as a measure in his intelligence test
mental age
what introduced the concept of the IQ and who created it
the Stanford-Binet; Terman
what are IQ tests reasonably valid measures of
achievement in school and performance in the workplace
how do dynamic tests improve validity
by measuring potential for future learning
does heredity impact IQ
yes
adopted children’s IQs are more similar to who: bio parents or ado. parents
bio parents
what can impact IQ
heredity
environment
cultural differences
why is IQ a valid predictor of school success
bc middle-class experience is often a pre-req for school success in NA schools
who excels in verbal skills and spatial ability
verbal: girls
spatial: boys
who gets better grades in math; math achievement tests
girls;boys
prereading skills
knowing letters and letter sounds
how do beginning and advances readers recognize/retrieve words
beginners: sound them out
advanced: retrieve from long term memory
comprehension in children improves with age due to what (3)
-increase in working memory capacity
-increase in world knowledge
-improved skills in the ability to monitor what is read and to match reading strategies to the reading task
why does childrens writing improve as they deelop
-know more about the world
-organize their writing better
-master the mechanics of writing
-revise better
why do canadian students lag behind students from other countries in math
differences in time spent on schoolwork and in parental attitudes
