CH 12 Summary

Question 1

concrete operational thinking

Answer 1

kids use mental operations but their thinking is limited to what’s concrete; 7-11yrs

Question 2

what does using memory strategies well depend upon

Answer 2

analyzing the task’s goal ad monitoring the strategy’s effectiveness

Question 3

how can knowledge distort memory

Answer 3

causes children to forget info that does not conform to their knowledge or to falsely “remember” events that didnt actually happen

Question 4

how is intelligence described

Answer 4

as a general factor )g) OR as also including specific factors

Question 5

what factors are included in hierarchial theories

Answer 5

general and specific

Question 6

8 multiple intelligences

Answer 6

linguistic
logical-mathematical
spatial
musical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic

Question 7

_______ theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 7

Gardner’s

Question 8

what does Gardner’s theory imply about schools teaching children

Answer 8

schools should teach to each child’s unique intellectual strengths

Question 9

_______ triarchic theory of successful intelligence

Answer 9

Sternberg’s

Question 10

3 subtheories of sternberg’s theory

Answer 10

contextual
experiential
componential

Question 11

contextual subtheory

Answer 11

says intelligent behavior is defined by the individual’s culture

Question 12

experiential subtheory

Answer 12

says intelligence is associated with task familiarity

Question 13

componential subtheory

Answer 13

says intelligent behavior involves organizing basic cognitive processes into an efficient strategy

Question 14

who created the first intelligence test

Answer 14

Binet

Question 15

what was the goal of Binet’s first intelligence test

Answer 15

to identify students who would have difficult in school

Question 16

what did Binet use as a measure in his intelligence test

Answer 16

mental age

Question 17

what introduced the concept of the IQ and who created it

Answer 17

the Stanford-Binet; Terman

Question 18

what are IQ tests reasonably valid measures of

Answer 18

achievement in school and performance in the workplace

Question 19

how do dynamic tests improve validity

Answer 19

by measuring potential for future learning

Question 20

does heredity impact IQ

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

adopted children’s IQs are more similar to who: bio parents or ado. parents

Answer 21

bio parents

Question 22

what can impact IQ

Answer 22

heredity
environment
cultural differences

Question 23

why is IQ a valid predictor of school success

Answer 23

bc middle-class experience is often a pre-req for school success in NA schools

Question 24

who excels in verbal skills and spatial ability

Answer 24

verbal: girls
spatial: boys

Question 25

who gets better grades in math; math achievement tests

Answer 25

girls;boys

Question 26

prereading skills

Answer 26

knowing letters and letter sounds

Question 27

how do beginning and advances readers recognize/retrieve words

Answer 27

beginners: sound them out
advanced: retrieve from long term memory

Question 28

comprehension in children improves with age due to what (3)

Answer 28

-increase in working memory capacity
-increase in world knowledge
-improved skills in the ability to monitor what is read and to match reading strategies to the reading task

Question 29

why does childrens writing improve as they deelop

Answer 29

-know more about the world
-organize their writing better
-master the mechanics of writing
-revise better

Question 30

why do canadian students lag behind students from other countries in math

Answer 30

differences in time spent on schoolwork and in parental attitudes