CH 10.2 Relationships with Parents

Question 1

in what 2 ways to parents influence their kids?

Answer 1

directly (encouraging behaviors) and indirectly (displaying their own behaviors)

Question 2

what is the dynamic between kids and parents influence on each other?

Answer 2

it’s like a mutual cycle- they both influence each other

Question 3

other than the family members themselves what else can affect family dynamics?

Answer 3

neighbourhoods
religious institutions
work schedules
culture
school
extended family

Question 4

3 universal objectives of parenting

Answer 4

look out for children’s wellbeing
prepare children for adulthood
share cultural values with kids

Question 5

2 general dimensions of parental behaviour

Answer 5

degree of warmth parents show to their kids
amount of control parents exert over their kids

Question 6

which extreme of the parental control spectrum is desirable: over-control or under-control?

Answer 6

neither because over-control deprives kids of learning behaviour on their own and under-control fails to teach kids any standards/ that they are accountable for behavior

Question 7

4 types of parenting

Answer 7

authoritative
authoritarian
indulgent-permissive
indifferent-uninvolved

Question 8

authoritarian parenting

Answer 8

high control and low warmth
parents lay down hard rules kids are expected to obey
parents do not value child’s needs/wishes

Question 9

authoritative

Answer 9

good blend of parental control and warmth
parents encourage discussion with kids
parents try to find compromises to help kids requests but in healthy ways

Question 10

indulgent-permissive parenting

Answer 10

high warmth and minimal parental control
parents accept kids requests easily and rarely discipline behavior

Question 11

indifferent-uninvolved parenting

Answer 11

no warmth or control
parents only provide basic needs of children and want nothing to do with them emotionally
kids do anything they want because they know parents won’t care

Question 12

which parenting style is found to be the best for kids?

Answer 12

authoritative

Question 13

which parenting style can be good for children in poverty and why?

Answer 13

authoritarian; obeying parents can protect them in that situation

Question 14

behavioural techniques parents can use to influence their children

Answer 14

direct instruction
modeling
feedback

Question 15

direct instruction approach

Answer 15

tell the child what to do, when and why

Question 16

parental coaching refers to teaching children what?

Answer 16

the link between emotions and behaviour

Question 17

counterimitation

Answer 17

learning what should not be done through observing others

Question 18

disinhibition vs inhibition of behaviour

Answer 18

disinhibition: tendency to exhibit aggressive behaviours in unfamiliar situations
inhibition: decrease in a behaviour

Question 19

2 types of feedback

Answer 19

reinforcement and punishment

Question 20

negative reinforcement trap that parents fall into

Answer 20

parents unintentionally reinforcing the behaviors they are wanting to eliminate in their kids

Question 21

3 steps of the negative reinforcement trap

Answer 21

1. mother tells son something son does not want to do
2. son responds with intolerable behavior
3. mother gives in by telling son he does not have to do initial task if he stops the intolerable behavior

Question 22

what form of punishment was found to be linked to lower socioemotional scores for children aged 3-4

Answer 22

spanking

Question 23

good alternatives to physical punishment

Answer 23

time-out and time-away

Question 24

5 types of grandparents

Answer 24

formal: express strong interest but aren’t responsible for raising them
fun seeking: see themselves as source of fun for grandkids but avoid more serious interaction
distant: minimal contact with grandkids
dispensing-family-wisdom: provide advice to kids and grandkids
surrogate-parent: assume many of the normal roles of a parent

Question 25

children reared by gay couples seem to develop how compared to children with heterosexual parents?

Answer 25

the same