CH 7 Summary Flashcards
what do psychs often use to judge different emotional states in development
infants facial expressions
what is the earliest indicator of happiness and when does it appear
social smile; 2 months
when does laughter first appear
4mo
how does fear first appear in infancy
stranger wariness
3 complex emotions and when do they appear
guilt
pride
embarrassment
18-24mo
what do complex emotions require more of than basic emotions
sophisticated cognitive skills
when can infants start to recognize the emotions associated with diff facial expressions
6mo
what do infants use to help evaluate unfamiliar situations/people
information about emotion
what do infants use to regulate emotions
simple strategies
by what ag do infants usually identify a primary attachment figure
6-7mo
Strange Situation
procedure where infant and mother are briefly separated that revealed the 4 types of attachment
secure attachment
most common; infants completely trust the mother
avoidant attachment
infants ignore their mother due to a lack of trust
resistant attachment
infants seem angry with the mother
disorganized/disoriented attachment
infants seem to not understand the mother’s absence
when is secure attachment most likely to occur
when mothers respond SENSITIVELY and CONSISTENTLY to their infant
which adults are most likely to use caregiving that promotes secure attachment
adults who have autonomous representations of attachment to their own parents
does high-quality childcare harm attachment relationships
no
when do children develop a sense of morality
6mo
when do children experience their first real peer interactions and what is it
12-15mo; parallel play, infants play alone while watching each other
simple social play
toddlers engage in similar activities and interact
co-operative play
2yrs old; play becomes organized around a theme
infants first sign of self-awareness and when it shows
recognizing themselves in a mirror; 15mo
by what age do most children have the basics of self-awareness
2yrs
what do toddlers acquire after they become self-aware
self-concept
temperament
stable patterns of behavior evident soon after birth
3 temperamental patterns (New York Longitudinal Study)
easy
difficult
slow to warm up
what 2 things are generally agreed to contribute to temeprament
heredity and environment
what is positive and difficult emotionality linked to
positive: environmental influences
Difficult: abrupt parenting
stability of temperament
somewhat stable during infancy, moderately stable into childhood and adolescence
which children are more successful in school
persistent
which children are more compliant with parents
anxious
which children are less likely to help a stranger in distress
inhibited
