CH 7 Summary

Question 1

what do psychs often use to judge different emotional states in development

Answer 1

infants facial expressions

Question 2

what is the earliest indicator of happiness and when does it appear

Answer 2

social smile; 2 months

Question 3

when does laughter first appear

Answer 3

4mo

Question 4

how does fear first appear in infancy

Answer 4

stranger wariness

Question 5

3 complex emotions and when do they appear

Answer 5

guilt
pride
embarrassment
18-24mo

Question 6

what do complex emotions require more of than basic emotions

Answer 6

sophisticated cognitive skills

Question 7

when can infants start to recognize the emotions associated with diff facial expressions

Answer 7

6mo

Question 8

what do infants use to help evaluate unfamiliar situations/people

Answer 8

information about emotion

Question 9

what do infants use to regulate emotions

Answer 9

simple strategies

Question 10

by what ag do infants usually identify a primary attachment figure

Answer 10

6-7mo

Question 11

Strange Situation

Answer 11

procedure where infant and mother are briefly separated that revealed the 4 types of attachment

Question 12

secure attachment

Answer 12

most common; infants completely trust the mother

Question 13

avoidant attachment

Answer 13

infants ignore their mother due to a lack of trust

Question 14

resistant attachment

Answer 14

infants seem angry with the mother

Question 15

disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 15

infants seem to not understand the mother’s absence

Question 16

when is secure attachment most likely to occur

Answer 16

when mothers respond SENSITIVELY and CONSISTENTLY to their infant

Question 17

which adults are most likely to use caregiving that promotes secure attachment

Answer 17

adults who have autonomous representations of attachment to their own parents

Question 18

does high-quality childcare harm attachment relationships

Answer 18

no

Question 19

when do children develop a sense of morality

Answer 19

6mo

Question 20

when do children experience their first real peer interactions and what is it

Answer 20

12-15mo; parallel play, infants play alone while watching each other

Question 21

simple social play

Answer 21

toddlers engage in similar activities and interact

Question 22

co-operative play

Answer 22

2yrs old; play becomes organized around a theme

Question 23

infants first sign of self-awareness and when it shows

Answer 23

recognizing themselves in a mirror; 15mo

Question 24

by what age do most children have the basics of self-awareness

Answer 24

2yrs

Question 25

what do toddlers acquire after they become self-aware

Answer 25

self-concept

Question 26

temperament

Answer 26

stable patterns of behavior evident soon after birth

Question 27

3 temperamental patterns (New York Longitudinal Study)

Answer 27

easy
difficult
slow to warm up

Question 28

what 2 things are generally agreed to contribute to temeprament

Answer 28

heredity and environment

Question 29

what is positive and difficult emotionality linked to

Answer 29

positive: environmental influences
Difficult: abrupt parenting

Question 30

stability of temperament

Answer 30

somewhat stable during infancy, moderately stable into childhood and adolescence

Question 31

which children are more successful in school

Answer 31

persistent

Question 32

which children are more compliant with parents

Answer 32

anxious

Question 33

which children are less likely to help a stranger in distress

Answer 33

inhibited