CH 5.1: Healthy Growth

Question 1

Rule of thumb regarding children’s height

Answer 1

Boys achieve half their adult height by 2 years old; girls by 18 months old

Question 2

9 cut-off point terms for children 0-2yrs old

Answer 2

underweight
severely underweight
stunting
severe stunting
wasting
sever wasting
risk of overweight
overweight
obesity

Question 3

toddlers have a disproportionately large what?

Answer 3

head and trunk

Question 4

true or false: all of the body’s muscle fibres are present at birth

Answer 4

true

Question 5

describe the changes in body fat from baby - preschool - elementary - adolescence

Answer 5

baby: baby fat accumulates
preschool: become leaner
elementary: put fat on gradually
adolescence: put fat on more rapidly

Question 6

when does bone begin to form in humans?

Answer 6

prenatal development

Question 7

epiphyses

Answer 7

ends of the cartilage structures that turn into bone

Question 8

secular growth trends

Answer 8

changes in physical development from one generation to the next that are related to env. factors

Question 9

average vs normal (in terms of development)

Answer 9

an average is a specific point, but many other values are considered as normal. “normal” is generally a range of values/time.

Question 10

3 factors of physical growth

Answer 10

heredity
hormones
nutrition

Question 11

true or false: both parents contribute equally to their child’s height

Answer 11

true

Question 12

correlation between parents height and their child’s height

Answer 12

about 0.7

Question 13

is correlation of height between identical or fraternal twins usually higher than the other?

Answer 13

identical>fraternal

Question 14

which gland secretes growth hormone?

Answer 14

pituitary gland

Question 15

which hormone causes muscles and bones to grow?

Answer 15

somatomedin

Question 16

without adequate amounts of GH, a child develops what?

Answer 16

dwarfism (normal proportions but short in height)`

Question 17

thyroxine

Answer 17

hormone released by the thyroid gland for proper development of nerve cells

Question 18

thyroxine deficiencies can do what?

Answer 18

stunt physical growth

Question 19

most infants need how many calories per kg of body weight per day?

Answer 19

100-120

Question 20

Rule of thumb when introducing a new food to a baby?

Answer 20

Don’t feed it any other foods for a few days - can allow for detection of an allergy or rash

Question 21

Why does the WHO strongly encourage breastfeeding over bottle-feeding in developing nations?

Answer 21

Water used for bottles could be contaminated and cause chronic infant diarrhea

Question 22

around what age do children typically become picky eaters?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Canada’s Food Guide recommendations

Answer 23

be mindful of eating habits
take time to eat
notice when you’re hungry/full
cook more often
plan what you eat
involve others in prepping meals
enjoy food
food traditions can be apart of healthy eating
eat meals with others

Question 24

what is the best source of nourishment for a baby?

Answer 24

breastfeeding

Question 25

breastfeeding is recommended as the only food for babies until how old?

Answer 25

6 months

Question 26

3 main challenges to an infant’s physical growth

Answer 26

malnutrition
disease
accidents

Question 27

a combination of what is needed to prevent malnutrition?

Answer 27

food availability
nutrition education
behavioural change

Question 28

what % of child deaths are related to malnutrition?

Answer 28

45%

Question 29

3 components of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

Answer 29

-training healthcare professionals to become more skilled in dealing w/ childhood illness
-improving healthcare systems so that they are better able to respond to child illness
-changing family and community practices to make them more conducive to healthy growth

Question 30

children are more likely to die from this over anything else in their first year of life

Answer 30

accidents (motor vehicle)

Question 31

consequences of malnutrition in children

Answer 31

Malnourished children had much lower scores on intelligence tests than adequately nourished children.

It is especially damaging during infancy because growth is so rapid during this time.

Malnourished children experience more difficulty maintaining attention in school than adequately nourished children.