CH 5.1: Healthy Growth Flashcards
Rule of thumb regarding children’s height
Boys achieve half their adult height by 2 years old; girls by 18 months old
9 cut-off point terms for children 0-2yrs old
underweight
severely underweight
stunting
severe stunting
wasting
sever wasting
risk of overweight
overweight
obesity
toddlers have a disproportionately large what?
head and trunk
true or false: all of the body’s muscle fibres are present at birth
true
describe the changes in body fat from baby - preschool - elementary - adolescence
baby: baby fat accumulates
preschool: become leaner
elementary: put fat on gradually
adolescence: put fat on more rapidly
when does bone begin to form in humans?
prenatal development
epiphyses
ends of the cartilage structures that turn into bone
secular growth trends
changes in physical development from one generation to the next that are related to env. factors
average vs normal (in terms of development)
an average is a specific point, but many other values are considered as normal. “normal” is generally a range of values/time.
3 factors of physical growth
heredity
hormones
nutrition
true or false: both parents contribute equally to their child’s height
true
correlation between parents height and their child’s height
about 0.7
is correlation of height between identical or fraternal twins usually higher than the other?
identical>fraternal
which gland secretes growth hormone?
pituitary gland
which hormone causes muscles and bones to grow?
somatomedin
without adequate amounts of GH, a child develops what?
dwarfism (normal proportions but short in height)`
thyroxine
hormone released by the thyroid gland for proper development of nerve cells
thyroxine deficiencies can do what?
stunt physical growth
most infants need how many calories per kg of body weight per day?
100-120
Rule of thumb when introducing a new food to a baby?
Don’t feed it any other foods for a few days - can allow for detection of an allergy or rash
Why does the WHO strongly encourage breastfeeding over bottle-feeding in developing nations?
Water used for bottles could be contaminated and cause chronic infant diarrhea
around what age do children typically become picky eaters?
2
Canada’s Food Guide recommendations
be mindful of eating habits
take time to eat
notice when you’re hungry/full
cook more often
plan what you eat
involve others in prepping meals
enjoy food
food traditions can be apart of healthy eating
eat meals with others
what is the best source of nourishment for a baby?
breastfeeding
breastfeeding is recommended as the only food for babies until how old?
6 months
3 main challenges to an infant’s physical growth
malnutrition
disease
accidents
a combination of what is needed to prevent malnutrition?
food availability
nutrition education
behavioural change
what % of child deaths are related to malnutrition?
45%
3 components of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
-training healthcare professionals to become more skilled in dealing w/ childhood illness
-improving healthcare systems so that they are better able to respond to child illness
-changing family and community practices to make them more conducive to healthy growth
children are more likely to die from this over anything else in their first year of life
accidents (motor vehicle)
consequences of malnutrition in children
Malnourished children had much lower scores on intelligence tests than adequately nourished children.
It is especially damaging during infancy because growth is so rapid during this time.
Malnourished children experience more difficulty maintaining attention in school than adequately nourished children.
