CH 10 Summary

Question 1

instrumental traits and who they’re usually associated with

Answer 1

describe those who act on the world; men

Question 2

expressive traits and who they are associated w

Answer 2

describe those who value interpersonal relationships; women

Question 3

when have most kids learned most stereotypical traits associated with genders

Answer 3

the end of preschool yrs

Question 4

parents treat sons and daughters similarly except in what

Answer 4

gender-related behaviour

Question 5

how is gender-role learning influenced by peers

Answer 5

they discourage cross-gender play

Question 6

Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 6

children learn that gender is constant over time

Question 7

gender-schema theory

Answer 7

children learn ab gender by paying attention to behaviors of those with the same gender as them

Question 8

how is self-esteem assessed in preschoolers

Answer 8

by asking them to compare themselves to hypothetical children

Question 9

self-esteem tends to be _______ during preschool yrs

Answer 9

very high

Question 10

do parents and kids influence each other

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

dimensions of parenting

Answer 11

warmth and control

Question 12

4 parenting styles

Answer 12

authoritarian
authoritative
indulgent-permissive
indifferent-uninvolved

Question 13

authoritarian style

Answer 13

controlling and unresponsive

Question 14

authoritative style

Answer 14

controlling and responsive

Question 15

indulgent-permissive

Answer 15

loving but exert little control

Question 16

indifferent-uninvolved

Answer 16

neither warm or controlling

Question 17

best parenting style

Answer 17

authoritative

Question 18

negative reinforcement trap

Answer 18

when parents accidentally reinforce behaviors that they want to stop

Question 19

components of effective punishment

Answer 19

prompt
consistent
accompanied by explanation
delivered by someone who the child has a warm relationship with

Question 20

does punishment eliminate behaviors

Answer 20

no it suppresses them

Question 21

Chinese parents vs NA parents

Answer 21

Chinese parents are more controlling and less openly affectionate

Question 22

which grandmothers often live with their daughters as they play an active role in raising grandchildren

Answer 22

African-American

Question 23

do children raised by a heterosexual couple vs a gay couple turn out the same

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

first-born children characteristics

Answer 24

more intelligent
less popular
less innovative

Question 25

only children characteristics

Answer 25

excel academically
other than that similar to other kids

Question 26

what allows siblings to get along better

Answer 26

same gender
parents treat them fairly
enter adolescence
parents get along well

Question 27

benefits of make-believe play

Answer 27

promotes cognitive development
allows kids to explore frightening topics in a nonthreatening way

Question 28

how can parents foster childrens play

Answer 28

act as playmate
mediate disputes
coach social skills

Question 29

when do infants become aware that others impose demands on them

Answer 29

1yr

Question 30

when can kids regulate their behavior

Answer 30

3yrs

Question 31

preschoolers with what 2 things tend to have good self control in adolescence

Answer 31

-good self control
-learn to delay gratification

Question 32

children with the best self control have parents who do what

Answer 32

don’t use harsh punishment
encourage their kids to make their own decisions

Question 33

what increases self control in fearful and fearless children

Answer 33

fearful: reminders
fearless: appealing to the attachment relationship

Question 34

when can children best regulate their behavior

Answer 34

when they have a plan to remember a goal
when they have something to distract them from the tempting object