CH 10 Summary Flashcards
instrumental traits and who they’re usually associated with
describe those who act on the world; men
expressive traits and who they are associated w
describe those who value interpersonal relationships; women
when have most kids learned most stereotypical traits associated with genders
the end of preschool yrs
parents treat sons and daughters similarly except in what
gender-related behaviour
how is gender-role learning influenced by peers
they discourage cross-gender play
Kohlberg’s theory
children learn that gender is constant over time
gender-schema theory
children learn ab gender by paying attention to behaviors of those with the same gender as them
how is self-esteem assessed in preschoolers
by asking them to compare themselves to hypothetical children
self-esteem tends to be _______ during preschool yrs
very high
do parents and kids influence each other
yes
dimensions of parenting
warmth and control
4 parenting styles
authoritarian
authoritative
indulgent-permissive
indifferent-uninvolved
authoritarian style
controlling and unresponsive
authoritative style
controlling and responsive
indulgent-permissive
loving but exert little control
indifferent-uninvolved
neither warm or controlling
best parenting style
authoritative
negative reinforcement trap
when parents accidentally reinforce behaviors that they want to stop
components of effective punishment
prompt
consistent
accompanied by explanation
delivered by someone who the child has a warm relationship with
does punishment eliminate behaviors
no it suppresses them
Chinese parents vs NA parents
Chinese parents are more controlling and less openly affectionate
which grandmothers often live with their daughters as they play an active role in raising grandchildren
African-American
do children raised by a heterosexual couple vs a gay couple turn out the same
yes
first-born children characteristics
more intelligent
less popular
less innovative
only children characteristics
excel academically
other than that similar to other kids
what allows siblings to get along better
same gender
parents treat them fairly
enter adolescence
parents get along well
benefits of make-believe play
promotes cognitive development
allows kids to explore frightening topics in a nonthreatening way
how can parents foster childrens play
act as playmate
mediate disputes
coach social skills
when do infants become aware that others impose demands on them
1yr
when can kids regulate their behavior
3yrs
preschoolers with what 2 things tend to have good self control in adolescence
-good self control
-learn to delay gratification
children with the best self control have parents who do what
don’t use harsh punishment
encourage their kids to make their own decisions
what increases self control in fearful and fearless children
fearful: reminders
fearless: appealing to the attachment relationship
when can children best regulate their behavior
when they have a plan to remember a goal
when they have something to distract them from the tempting object
