BSI Lecture 63 Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
Which regions of the spinal nerves have “enlargements” and why?
Cervical and lumbar (to cope with the extra innervation required for the limbs
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
What side of the spinal cord does sensory/afferent information enter through?
The dorsal/posterior surface
What side of the spinal cord do the motor/efferent commands exit through?
The ventral/anterior surface
What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?
8
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?
12 (same as the number of ribs)
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?
5
How many vertebrae are in the sacral region?
5
How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal region?
1
What are the three meninges moving from inside to out?
pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater
What partially divides the spinal cord?
The posterior median sulcus and the anterior median fissure
Dorsal/posterior horn is composed of interneurons receiving ______ information
sensory
Ventral/anterior horn is composed of the cell bodies of _______ innervating skeletal muscle.
motorneurons
The lateral/intermediate horn contains neurons receiving _____ sensory information and preganglionic _____ motorneurons.
Visceral/visceral
What is somatotopy?
spinal nerves innervating a specific, defined region of the body known as dermatomes
What are the names of the ascending sensory pathways?
Dorsal white column Posterior spinocerebellar tract Anterior spinocerebellar tract Lateral spinothalamic tract Anterior spinothalamic tract
Which ascending tracts carries proprioception information to the cerebellum?
Posterior spinocerebellar and anterior spinocerebellar tract (ipsilateral)
Which tract carries pain and temperature information to the somatosensory cortex but with poor discrimination?
Lateral spinothalamic tract (contralateral)
What type of information does the DC convey?
Fine touch, pressure, and conscious aspects of proprioception. These are discriminating senses, the exact location is known.
What are the names of the descending tracts?
Lateral reticulospinal tract Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Anterior corticospinal tract Tectospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
What are the 2 types of the motor pathway?
Pyramidal tracts and extrapyramidal
Which motor tract(s) control precise and skilled voluntary movements initiated in the primary motor cortices?
Anterior and lateral corticospinal tract
Which extrapyramidal tract originates from the brainstem?
Vestibulospinal, lateral, and medial reticulospinal, the tectospinal and rubrospinal (originates in the midbrain)(these produce movements that are subconscious and coarse)
How do the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts communicate with each other?
The pyramidal neurons project to the extrapyramidal nuclei.
