BSI 2 Lecture 1: Hematology Flashcards
What is the total body fluid volume?
42 liters
Out of the total body fluid volume, how much is inside the cell (intracellular)?
28 liters
Out of the total body fluid volume, how much is outside the cell?
The remaining 14 liters
What can the 14 liters outside the cell be divided into?
11 liters of interstitial fluid and 3 liters of plasma
Where is plasma contained?
In the cardiovascular system, but it exchanges freely with the extracellular fluid which in turn exchanges with the intracellular fluid
In the breakdown of plasma, what is the major component of plasma?
Phospholipids (280 mg/dl)
Osmotic pressure from proteins is called _______ pressure
Oncotic
What is the most common plasma protein?
Albumin ( 5 g/dl)
What is the function of albumin?
It is responsible for 80% of plasma’s oncotic pressure, preventing excess fluid loss from circulation
Regardless of the route of administration, what are virtually all drugs circulated by?
The plasma
Where are plasma proteins primarily synthesized?
The liver (except for antibodies which are gamma globulins secreted by plasma cells)
Apart from their physical effect (oncotic pressure), what are plasma proteins crucial for?
The transport of certain molecules like steroids hormones. Binding to plasma proteins helps prevent inappropriate metabolism and/or excretion
What type of drug interacts with receptors?
Free
Plasma albumin is the most significant plasma protein due to its concentration. What types of drugs does it usually bind with?
Acidic drugs
What do basic drugs bind to, in the plasma?
Beta-globulin and acid glycoprotein
What happens once the binding is saturated (all binding sites are occupied)?
There is an increase in the amount of free drug
When there is an increase in the amount of free drug, what can happen?
They can compete for binding which can occasionally result in significant drug interactions
What are the general functions of plasma?
1) transport of nutrients for energy
2) growth and repair
3) removal of wastes
4) transport of hormones
5) regulation of body temperature
What are the cellular components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are the functions of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are the functions of white blood cells?
They are part of the immune system
What are the functions of platelets?
They are involved with hemostasis (prevention of bleeding by blood clotting)
What percentage of total blood volume is plasma?
55%
What is plasma composed of by percentage?
91% water, 7% blood proteins, 2% nutrients