Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 17-18 Cell Signaling Examples > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 17-18 Cell Signaling Examples Flashcards

1
Q

cAMP most important target is ________ __

A

Phosphokinase A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PKA has many important targets affected by __________.

A

Phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells are subject to many different messengers from ___ to ____ and this is superimposed on the changing status of the cell itself.

A

second; second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What turns ATP in to cAMP

A

Adenylyl Cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What turns cAMP into AMP?

A

Phosphodiesterases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does PKA stand for?

A

Phosphokinase A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PKA is activated by _______

A

cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When PKA phosphorates a target protein, they phosphoralate specific _____ ______ ______.

A

Amino acid residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does PKA turn on or off target proteins?

A

They can turn them on or off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The effects of PKA are reversed by _______

A

Phosphotase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can reverse the effects of PKA?

A

Phosphotases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does PKA phosphorylate on the target proteins?

A

Specific amino acid residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F? PKA can only turn things on?

A

False, it can turn them on or off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the targets PKA can affect.

A

1) Active transport
2) Channel protein
3) ER (protein synthesis, Ca2+ transport)
4) Can act as transcription factor
5) Enzyme, lipid breakdown
6) Enzyme, glycogen breakdown
7) microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When cAMP activates PKA, then PKA activates an inactive phophorylase kinase, what is this an example of?

A

Kinase cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can PKA enter the nucleus freely?

A

No, it’s too large and needs to be transported in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are PLs?

A

Phospholipases

18
Q

PLs produces different ______ _______ to mediate their effects.

A

secondary messengers

19
Q

Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) when cleaved by PLC and disassociates into ____ _____

A

IP3 (Inositol triphosphate) and DAG (Diacylglycerol)

20
Q

T or F? DAG is hydrophilic.

A

False, hydrophobic

21
Q

When PIP2 is cleaved, what 2nd messenger goes to the ER and opens up a Ca2+ channel?

A

IP3 (Inositol triphosphate)

22
Q

What needs to happen before PKC is fully activated?

A

Ca2+ needs to bind with it along with DAG

23
Q

PLA2 will release _______ _____

A

Arachidonic acid

24
Q

If you take an NSAID, what does it block to prevent you from feeling pain.

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX1 and COX2)

25
Q

Prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes(TXs) have functions that include _____ and _____.

A

Inflammation; fever

26
Q

What do Leukotrienes affect?

A

Immune cell function (acting on leukocytes)

27
Q

“De novo” synthesis of Sphinganine, Sphigosine, and ceramide are initiated by what enzyme?

A

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)

28
Q

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) can be blocked by what?

A

SPT Inhibitor

29
Q

Name the types of sphingolipids.

A

Sphinganine, Sphingosine, Ceramide, Sphingosine 1-P

30
Q

______ are mycotoxins that disrupts sphingolipid messenger functions.

A

Fumonisins

31
Q

Sphinganine, Sphingosine, Ceramide can either be made by ‘De novo” or by recycling of _________ ________ in membranes.

A

Complex sphingolipids

32
Q

If you tip the scale on the levels of sphingolipids towards Sphingosine 1-P, what will occur?

A

Anti-apoptotic, proliferation, mitogenesis, inflammation

could lead to cancer

33
Q

If you tip the scale on the levels of sphingolipids towards ceramide, what will will occur?

A

Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest

34
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids are ____ __________.

A

Anti-inflammatory

35
Q

Omega-6 fatty acids are ____ __________.

A

Pro-inflammatory

36
Q

We do not make omega-3’s, if we are missing them in our diet, what are they replaced with and why is it bad.

A

They are replaced with Omega-6 and they are pro-inflammatory

37
Q

Ca2+ is effective on its own as 2ndary messenger, but sometimes it needs to bind with __________.

A

Calmodulin

38
Q

What does activated MAPkkk do?

A

Initiate a kinase cascade by phosphorylating MAPkk, which then phosphorylates MAPk, which phosphorylates target proteins that affect important processess like transcription.

39
Q

Inappropriate signaling in LMW G-protein/kinase cascade pathways can result in ________as they are so central in controlling cell growth.

A

cancer

40
Q

Cell will undergo ______ if it is not told to survive.

A

Apoptosis

41
Q

PI3-kinase (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) activates Akts (serine/threonine-protein kinase family) by producing PIP3 from PIP2 (DAG/IP3 pathway) by phosphorylation. PIP3 activates protein kinase 1 in turn activates Akts, which releases ______________

A

Bcl-2

42
Q

During contact-dependent chemical messaging, the delta signal protein reaches the delta receptor of another cell, what happens to the Notch?

A

The tail is cleaved and migrates to the nucleus. Without this “growth limiting” system, cancer may result

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions