BSI 2 Lecture 63: GI Anatomy

Question 1

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 1

A serous membrane that surrounds abdominal organs

Question 2

What are the 3 components of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

1. parietal layer
2. visceral layer
3. peritoneal cavity

Question 3

Where does the parietal layer attach to?

Answer 3

The abdominal wall

Question 4

Where does the visceral layer attach to?

Answer 4

The organs

Question 5

What is ascites?

Answer 5

When there is fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing inflammation of the abdomen

Question 6

What is peritonitis?

Answer 6

Acute inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 7

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 7

A large fold of the peritoneum that hangs below the stomach

Question 8

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 8

A fold in the peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 9

What is the mesentery?

Answer 9

A fold of the peritoneum that attaches organs to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 10

What is the mesocolon?

Answer 10

A mesentery connecting the large intestine/colon to the abdominal wall

Question 11

What ist he falciform ligament?

Answer 11

A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 12

What are the four layers of the GI tract from inside out?

Answer 12

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 13

What are the three layers of the mucosa from outside in?

Answer 13

1. muscularis mucosae
2. lamina propria
3. epithelium

Question 14

What type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae?

Answer 14

smooth muscle

Question 15

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 15

areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels and mucosa associated lymphatic tissue containing immune cells

Question 16

What is the submucosa?

Answer 16

areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis

Question 17

What does the submucosa contain?

Answer 17

blood vessels, lymph vessels, glands, and the submucosal nerve plexus

Question 18

What is the muscularis mucosae?

Answer 18

Either skeletal or smooth muscle (depending on region) that is 2-3 layers organized in different directions that is innervated by the myenteric plexus

Question 19

What is the serosa?

Answer 19

The serous membrane also know as the visceral peritoneum

Question 20

Where are the parotid glands located?

Answer 20

Inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle

Question 21

Where are the submandibular glands located?

Answer 21

beneath the base of the tongue in the posterior floor of the mouth

Question 22

Where are the sublingual glands located?

Answer 22

Superior to the submandibular glands

Question 23

What are the five regions of the stomach?

Answer 23

1. cardia
2. fundus
3. pylorus
4. lesser curvature
5. greater curvature

Question 24

Three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 24

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 25

What are the regions of the large intestine?

Answer 25

1. cecum 2. colon 3. rectum 4. anal canal

Question 26

What are the regions of the colon?

Answer 26

1. ascending colon 2. transverse colon 3. descending colon 4. sigmoid colon

Question 27

What type of muscle makes of the internal sphincter of the anal canal?

Answer 27

smooth muscle (involuntary)

Question 28

What type of muscle makes of the external sphincter of the anal canal?

Answer 28

skeletal muscle (voluntary)

Question 29

What are teniae coli?

Answer 29

thickened portion of longitudinal smooth muscle that form bands around the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

Question 30

What are haustra?

Answer 30

contractions of the teniae coli causing pouching. (gives intestine the segmented look)

Question 31

What are the three ducts of the gallbladder?

Answer 31

1. cystic duct 2. common bile duct 3. common hepatic duct

Question 32

What is the path of food through the GI tract?

Answer 32

Mouth, pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter, esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal sphincter, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal