BSI 2 Lecture 63: GI Anatomy Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
A serous membrane that surrounds abdominal organs
What are the 3 components of the peritoneum?
- parietal layer
- visceral layer
- peritoneal cavity
Where does the parietal layer attach to?
The abdominal wall
Where does the visceral layer attach to?
The organs
What is ascites?
When there is fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing inflammation of the abdomen
What is peritonitis?
Acute inflammation of the peritoneum
What is the greater omentum?
A large fold of the peritoneum that hangs below the stomach
What is the lesser omentum?
A fold in the peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
What is the mesentery?
A fold of the peritoneum that attaches organs to the posterior abdominal wall
What is the mesocolon?
A mesentery connecting the large intestine/colon to the abdominal wall
What ist he falciform ligament?
A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
What are the four layers of the GI tract from inside out?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Serosa
What are the three layers of the mucosa from outside in?
- muscularis mucosae
- lamina propria
- epithelium
What type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae?
smooth muscle
What is the lamina propria?
areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels and mucosa associated lymphatic tissue containing immune cells
What is the submucosa?
areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis
What does the submucosa contain?
blood vessels, lymph vessels, glands, and the submucosal nerve plexus
What is the muscularis mucosae?
Either skeletal or smooth muscle (depending on region) that is 2-3 layers organized in different directions that is innervated by the myenteric plexus
What is the serosa?
The serous membrane also know as the visceral peritoneum
Where are the parotid glands located?
Inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle
Where are the submandibular glands located?
beneath the base of the tongue in the posterior floor of the mouth
Where are the sublingual glands located?
Superior to the submandibular glands
What are the five regions of the stomach?
- cardia
- fundus
- pylorus
- lesser curvature
- greater curvature
Three parts of the small intestine?
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
What are the regions of the large intestine?
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
What are the regions of the colon?
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
What type of muscle makes of the internal sphincter of the anal canal?
smooth muscle (involuntary)
What type of muscle makes of the external sphincter of the anal canal?
skeletal muscle (voluntary)
What are teniae coli?
thickened portion of longitudinal smooth muscle that form bands around the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
What are haustra?
contractions of the teniae coli causing pouching. (gives intestine the segmented look)
What are the three ducts of the gallbladder?
- cystic duct
- common bile duct
- common hepatic duct
What is the path of food through the GI tract?
Mouth, pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter, esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal sphincter, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal
