Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 24-26 Apoptotic Signaling > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 24-26 Apoptotic Signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 examples of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways.

A

1) mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis (mitochondrial dysfunction)
2) p53/Nuclear-mediated apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____-_________ apoptosis utilizes Fas/FasL signaling.

A

Receptor mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by deficient ___ production.

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxidative stress/ROS (reactive oxygen species) production is an example of ______ ________.

A

Oxidative dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When mitochondrial dysfunction is triggered, what does the mitocondrial release?

A

Cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does cytochrome C help initiate the formation of?

A

Apoptosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up a apoptosome?

A

Cytochrome C, Procaspase 9, dATP, and Apaf-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Procaspase-9, is it active or inactive?

A

Inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of the apoptosome?

A

It’s going to lead to the activation of procaspase-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you activate procaspase-9?

A

Formation of the apoptosome causes procaspase-9 to autocleave itself, resulting in more autocleaving of procaspase-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Caspases are ________ which cleave other proteins.

A

proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is considered the central executioner of apoptosis?

A

Caspase-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does caspase-9 do once it is activated?

A

It cleaves procaspase-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the end results of Apoptosis?

A
  1. Destruction of cytoskeleton
  2. Destrution of nuclear envelope
  3. DNA fragmentation into mono- and oligonucleosomes
  4. Destruction/inactivation of pro-survival regulatory proteins.
  5. Membrane blebbing
  6. Formation of apoptotic bodies
  7. Apoptotic bodies engulfed by macraphages or neighboring cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do macrophages or neighboring cells recognize apoptotic bodies?

A

The phoshatidylserine is flipped to the outter membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The initiator caspase refers to caspase that initiates _________ ______.

A

caspase cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The _________ caspase will go and cleave a variety of things in the cell thats going to lead to the morphological characteristic of apoptosis.

A

executioner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 categories of regulators of apoptosis?

A
  1. Bcl-2 Family
  2. Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs)
  3. Repressors of IAPs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic belongs to which regulatory group?

A

Bcl-2 family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do anti-apoptotic proteins do?

A

prevent cytochrome c release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F? Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are pro-apoptotic.

A

False, anti-apoptotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do pro-apoptotic proteins do?

A

favors cytochrome c release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F? Bax, tBid (truncated Bid), Bak, Bim. Bad, Bok are examples of pro-apoptotic group.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

XIAP is an _______ of apoptosis proteins.

A

inhibitor (IAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do IAPs do?
bind to cleaved caspases and inhibit activity
26
What does XIAP do?
Inhibits activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3
27
Smac/Diablo and Omi/Htra2 are _______ of IAPs.
Repressors
28
Where are Smac/Diablo and Omi/Htra2 released from?
Mitochondria upon stimulation
29
What do Smac/Diablo and Omi/Htra2 do?
They bind IAPs and represses their inhibition on caspases allowing caspases to exhibit their activitiy to execute apoptosis.
30
T or F? The ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax will determine whether or not cytochrome c will be released.
true
31
T or F? Bcl-2 forms a pore that cytochrome c can pass through to go into the cytosol.
false, Bax not Blc-2
32
What protein(s) inhibits Bax from creating a pore?
Blc-2 or any anti-apoptotic proteinT or F?
33
T or F? ICAD binds to CAD and inhibits its activity during apoptosis.
false, while not undergoing apoptosis
34
How does XIAP inhibit apoptosis?
Binds to caspase-9 and caspase-3 to inhibit their activity
35
How does BCL2 inhibit apoptosis?
Inhibits Bax oligomerization and cytochrome c release
36
T or F? Smac/Diabo is an anti-poptotic protein
false, repressors of IAPs
37
______ binds to CAD when cells are not undergoing apoptosis
ICAD
38
Cells undergoing apoptosis, caspases-3 cleaves and inactivates ______.
ICAD
39
When ICAD is cleaved, _____ will then be active.
CAD
40
______ will go and fragment DNA into mono- and oligonucleosomes.
CAD
41
___________ inactivates proteins involved in DNA repair
Caspase-3
42
__________ will cleave cytoskeleton (actin) and cause shrinkage of the cell and membrane blebbing.
Caspase-3
43
T or F? Caspase-3 inactivates anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins by cleavage.
True
44
____ ______ leads to an increase or accumulation of p53.
DNA damage
45
T or F? p53 speeds up the cell cycle.
False, halts
46
______ plays a role in stimulating DNA repair.
p53
47
p53 induces translocation of Bax to mitochondria resulting in ____________ _______ _________
cytochrome c release
48
T or F? p53 also alters transcription of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes.
True
49
p53 _______ pro-apoptotic transcription.
increases (Bax, Fas, Apaf-1, etc)
50
p53 _______ anti-apoptotic transcription.
decrease (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, survivin, etc)
51
How does DNA damage lead to the accumulation of p53
ATM and ATR kinases will phospphorylate p53, which prevents MDM2 (ubiquitin ligase). (p53 acts a transcription factor, increasing the transcription of p21 (cyclin CDK inhibitor). P21 then binds to G1/S-CdK and S-CDK inhibiting their activity)
52
Cytotoxic T cells expresses _____ in its surface.
FasL
53
Target cell expresses ____ (receptor) on its surface
Fas
54
T or F? A receptor-mediated apoptosis involves using a ligand.
True
55
in the t-cell example, can they both express FasL and Fas?
yes
56
T or F? Fas on cytotoxic T cells binds FasL receptor on target cell and induces apoptosis.
False, FasL on cytoxic t cells and Fas on receptor
57
When FasL binds to the receptor, it trimerizes, then ______ is recruited to the receptor.
FADD
58
When recruited to the receptor, FADD recruits _________
Procaspase-8
59
What does DISC stand for?
Death Inducing Signaling Complex
60
What does the DISC consist of?
Fas receptor, FADD, Caspase 8
61
_____________ are brought in close proximity by DISC and then they auto cleave each other.
Procaspase-8
62
Caspase 8 cleaves and activates ____________ and _____
Caspase-3/Bid
63
What does c-flip do?
Inhibits activation of caspase-8
64
Receptor-mediated apoptosis; Why do some cells require caspase-8 to cleave BID?
Cells that has high expression of XIAP needs smac/diablo omni/htra2 to inhibit those XIAP for apoptosis to occur

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions