BSI 2 Lecture 13: Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum between the lungs
The heart is just superior to the _____.
Diaphragm
What cavity is the heart located in?
The pericardial cavity
What shape does the heart have?
A cone shape
How do you distinguish the orientation of the heart?
The base is the broad area of the heart (top of the cone), and the apex is the pointy area of the heart (bottom of the cone).
What is the pericardium?
A serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
The outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer.
What is the outer parietal layer composed of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the inner visceral layer composed of?
Epithelial cells
What do the epithelial cells of the inner visceral layer secrete?
pericardial fluid
What is the pericardial fluid?
It reduces friction between the layers
What two chambers of the heart can be found towards the top?
The right and left atria
What two chambers can be found towards the bottom?
The right and left ventricle
What is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria?
Interatrial septum
What openings can be found in the right atrium?
1) Opening of coronary sinus
2) Opening of inferior vena cava
3) Opening of superior vena cava
What openings can be found in the left atrium?
The openings of the left pulmonary veins
What is the wall that separates the two ventricles?
The interventricular septum
What are papillary muscles?
They are muscles found in the ventricles that attach to the atrioventricular valves to prevent inversion or prolapse of the valves during systole
What are the chordae tendineae?
They are cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves
What is the epicardium?
The visceral layer of pericardium
What is the myocardium?
The middle layer of the heart that contains the cardiac muscle tissue
What is the myocardium also known as?
The heart wall
What is the endocardium?
It’s the inner most layer of the heart
What is the endocardium composed of?
A thin layer of endothelium over a thin layer of connective tissue
What is the endocardium continuous with?
The vessels that open into heart chambers
What does the endocardium line?
The entire cardiovascular system
What valve connects the right atrium and ventricle
The tricuspid valve
What type of valves are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?
Atrioventricular valves
What valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?
The pulmonary valve
What type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?
Semilunar valves
What valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?
The bicuspid or mitral valve
What valve connects the left ventricle to the aorta?
The aortic valve
What do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus do?
Bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium
What does the aorta do?
Carries blood out of the left ventricle to the body
What arteries branch off of the ascending aorta?
The left and right coronary arteries
What branches off of the left coronary artery?
The anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch
What branches off of the right coronary artery?
The posterior interventricular branch and the marginal branch
What branches off of the arch of the aorta?
The brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery
What branches off of the brachiocephalic trunk?
The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
What does the descending aorta divide into?
The left and right common iliac
What is the conduction system of the heart?
1) SA node
2) AV node
3) Bundle of His
4) Right and left bundle branches
5) Perkinje fibers
