BSI 2 Lecture 13: Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

In the mediastinum between the lungs

Question 2

The heart is just superior to the _____.

Answer 2

Diaphragm

Question 3

What cavity is the heart located in?

Answer 3

The pericardial cavity

Question 4

What shape does the heart have?

Answer 4

A cone shape

Question 5

How do you distinguish the orientation of the heart?

Answer 5

The base is the broad area of the heart (top of the cone), and the apex is the pointy area of the heart (bottom of the cone).

Question 6

What is the pericardium?

Answer 6

A serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

Question 7

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 7

The outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer.

Question 8

What is the outer parietal layer composed of?

Answer 8

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

What is the inner visceral layer composed of?

Answer 9

Epithelial cells

Question 10

What do the epithelial cells of the inner visceral layer secrete?

Answer 10

pericardial fluid

Question 11

What is the pericardial fluid?

Answer 11

It reduces friction between the layers

Question 12

What two chambers of the heart can be found towards the top?

Answer 12

The right and left atria

Question 13

What two chambers can be found towards the bottom?

Answer 13

The right and left ventricle

Question 14

What is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria?

Answer 14

Interatrial septum

Question 15

What openings can be found in the right atrium?

Answer 15

1) Opening of coronary sinus
2) Opening of inferior vena cava
3) Opening of superior vena cava

Question 16

What openings can be found in the left atrium?

Answer 16

The openings of the left pulmonary veins

Question 17

What is the wall that separates the two ventricles?

Answer 17

The interventricular septum

Question 18

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 18

They are muscles found in the ventricles that attach to the atrioventricular valves to prevent inversion or prolapse of the valves during systole

Question 19

What are the chordae tendineae?

Answer 19

They are cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves

Question 20

What is the epicardium?

Answer 20

The visceral layer of pericardium

Question 21

What is the myocardium?

Answer 21

The middle layer of the heart that contains the cardiac muscle tissue

Question 22

What is the myocardium also known as?

Answer 22

The heart wall

Question 23

What is the endocardium?

Answer 23

It’s the inner most layer of the heart

Question 24

What is the endocardium composed of?

Answer 24

A thin layer of endothelium over a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 25

What is the endocardium continuous with?

Answer 25

The vessels that open into heart chambers

Question 26

What does the endocardium line?

Answer 26

The entire cardiovascular system

Question 27

What valve connects the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 27

The tricuspid valve

Question 28

What type of valves are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?

Answer 28

Atrioventricular valves

Question 29

What valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 29

The pulmonary valve

Question 30

What type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?

Answer 30

Semilunar valves

Question 31

What valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 31

The bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 32

What valve connects the left ventricle to the aorta?

Answer 32

The aortic valve

Question 33

What do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus do?

Answer 33

Bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium

Question 34

What does the aorta do?

Answer 34

Carries blood out of the left ventricle to the body

Question 35

What arteries branch off of the ascending aorta?

Answer 35

The left and right coronary arteries

Question 36

What branches off of the left coronary artery?

Answer 36

The anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch

Question 37

What branches off of the right coronary artery?

Answer 37

The posterior interventricular branch and the marginal branch

Question 38

What branches off of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 38

The brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

Question 39

What branches off of the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 39

The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

Question 40

What does the descending aorta divide into?

Answer 40

The left and right common iliac

Question 41

What is the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 41

1) SA node 2) AV node 3) Bundle of His 4) Right and left bundle branches 5) Perkinje fibers