Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 4 DNA Structure > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 4 DNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomes

A

contain long strands of DNA and associated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) do humans have?

A

22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of sex chromosomes?

A

X and Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Karyotype?

A

It is the display of all chromosomes in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an allele?

A

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by a mutation and are found in the same place on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What constitutes a normal Karyotype?

A

Humans have 46 chromosomes total. 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and a pair of XX or X and Y sex chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the chromosomes have to be packaged very tightly in an organized manner?

A

During mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When preparing for division, DNA is packed into the _________ chromosomes.

A

Mitotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many levels of packaging are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What level of packaging is it when threadlike mass of genetic material (DNA and histone proteins) form “beads on a string” (11nm structure)?

A

Level 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

Basic structural unit of a chromosome. Histones, DNA, Linker Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many turns of DNA helix are wound around the octomeric core of histones?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of histones in DNA packaging?

A

Acts as spools for DNA helix to wrap around its octomeric core.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a linker region?

A

A linker region is the DNA you see between the two histones or “beads”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Octomeric core consists of two copies of each of the 4 core histone protein ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

H2A, H2B, H3, H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Histones are contained in the _______ ________

A

octomeric core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Level 2 packaging, what is the chromatin fiber width?

A

30nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the purpose of DNA packaging?

A

Organize and fit all of the DNA into the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the difference between mitotic chromosome and an interphase chromosome?

A

Mitotic chromosomes are ready for replication and interphase chromosomes are not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Can the same gene produce mRNA and tRNA?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Do genes encode lipids and carbohydrates?

A

No, only proteins are encoded. Lipids and carbohydrates are synthesized.

23
Q

Loops are condensed into chromosomes (700nm). At what level does this occur?

A

Level 4

24
Q

What are telomeres?

A

DNA sequence at the ends of the chromosomes

25
Q

Telomeres are repeated DNA sequences which allow the ends of chromosomes to be replicated and also to protect the ends from being mistaken by the cell as broken DNA

A

True

26
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One of the paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere.

27
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

A duplicate copy of a chromatid joined by the centromere.

28
Q

What is a centromere?

A

Specialized DNA sequence that allows duplicated chromosomes to be separated during mitosis.

29
Q

Where do the mitotic spindle binds?

A

Centromere

30
Q

________ is the part of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing.

A

Interphase

31
Q

Packaging of interphase: What percent of the chromosome are highly condensed?

A

10%

32
Q

What are heterochromatin?

A

Highly condensed chromosome

33
Q

Genes that are considered “off” are located in areas of ______________

A

heterochromatin

34
Q

Most regions of the interphase chromosome are less condensed, these area is called ____________

A

Euchromatin

35
Q

What level of mitotic chromosome does euchromatin resemble?

A

Level 2

36
Q

Each strand of DNA is made up of ________

A

Nucleotides (deoxyribose, phosphate, and base)

37
Q

DNA strands run in _________ direction.

A

Opposite

38
Q

DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between ________

A

Bases

39
Q

The backbone of the DNA strand is called the _________

A

Sugar-phosphate backbone

40
Q

The two strands of nucleotides forms a ________

A

Double helix

41
Q

The basic building blocks of a nucleotide are

A

Ribose (sugar), phosphate, and a base

42
Q

Nucleoside consists of

A

ribose and base (no phosphate)

43
Q

What are the 2 Purines and are they single or doubled ringed?

A

Adenine and Guanine, they are double ringed

44
Q

What are the 3 Pyrimidines and are they single or doubled ringed?

A

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil, they are single ringed.

45
Q

How are nucleotides linked?

A

Via phosphodiester bonds to form a strand of DNA

46
Q

What bond forms between 3’-OH group of one sugar and 5’-phosphate group of another?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

47
Q

Define: Gene

A

A gene is usually defined as a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a particular protein (or RNA, if that is the final product).

48
Q

What type of RNA is the only one translated into protein?

A

mRNA

49
Q

What are the “other” types of RNA?

A

snRNA, miRNA

50
Q

RNA are single or double stranded molecules?

A

single

51
Q

RNA is composed of ______________ acids

A

ribonucleic

52
Q

RNA has an OH group at the _____’ position of sugar.

A

2’

53
Q

Besides complementary pairing, what are the other functions of Purines and Pyrimidine?

A

Energy, metabolism, protein synthesis, regulation of enzyme activity and signal transduction

54
Q

The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has an “OH” and deoxyribose has a single “H” at which carbon?

A

2’

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions