Biology Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
A body of knowledge based on the study of nature
Science
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Species
Taxonomic group of similar related genera that is smaller than an order and larger than a genus
Family
All the interacting populations of different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time
Biological community
Production of offspring
Reproduction
Stimulus or Response
A: Anything that is part of any environment and causes some sort of reaction by the organism
B: The reaction to stimulus
A. Stimulus
B. Response
Homeostasis or Adaptation
A. Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life
B. Any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time
A. Homeostasis
B. Adaptation
Science or Pseudoscience
A. A body of knowledge based on the study of the natural world
B. A false knowledge
A. Science
B. Pseudoscience
Theory or Law
A. An Explanation of the natural phenomenons supported by many observations and experiments over time
B. Describes relationship under certain conditions in nature
A. Theory
B. Law
What are these 8 things all related to?
- Made of one or more cells
- Displays organization
- Grows and develops
- Reproduces
- Responds to stimulus
- Requires energy
- Maintains homeostasis
- Adaptations evolve over time
8 characteristics of living organisms
A series of problem solving procedures that might include observations, forming a hypothesis, experimenting, gathering, analyzing data and drawing a conclusion
Scientific methods
Testable explanation of a situation
Hypothesis
Orderly direct information gathering about a natural pheomenon
Observation
The group not receiving the factor being tested
Control group
Quantitative or qualitative information gained scientific investigation
Data
The change in an experiment
Variable
The end result
Conclusion
Measured numerical data
Quantative
Observations only
Qualative
Used to make communication easier Meter: Length Gram: Weight Liter: Volume Second: Time
SI Units
The moral principles that guide society and influence science
Ethics
Scientist should ____ other scientists in the same fields work
Peer review
Biotic or Abiotic
A. Any living factor in an organism’s environment
B. Any nonliving factor in an organism’s environment
A. Biotic
B.Abiotic
Stable mature ecological community with little change in composition of species
Climax community
Primary or secondary succession
A: Establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or sand (no topsoil)
B: Orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed
A. Primary succession
B. Second succession
Cannot make its own food
Heterotroph
Can make its own food
Autotroph
Heterotroph that eats plants and meat
Omnivore
Heterotroph that eats only meat
Carnivore
Heterotroph that eats only plants
Herbivore
A biological community and all nonliving factors that affect it
Ecosystem
Large group of ecosystems that share the same atmosphere and have similar types of communites
Biome
Group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic place at the same time
Population
Niche or Habitat
A: Role or position of an organism in its environment
B: Physical area where an organism lives
A: Niche
B. Habitat
Relatively thin layer of earth’s atmosphere that supports life
Biosphere
Heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to the soil, air and water
Detritivore
Heterotroph that feeds on dead animal and plant material
Scavenger
Heterotroph that decomposes organic material
Decomposer
Mutualism, commensalism and parasitism are 3 types of what?
3 types of symbiosis
The mutual relationship between 2 or more organisms that live closely together
Mutualism
1 organism benefits but the other is neither helped or harmed
Commensalism
1 organism benefits but the other is harmed
Parasitism
Model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem
Food web
The phosphorus cycle is essential to making
ATP
Photosynthesis is the opposite of what?
The opposite of cellular respiration
Classified according to predominant vegitation
Biomes
Treeless
Cold and dark
Tundra
Low rainfall
Every continent except Europe
Dessert
Humid, hot and wet
Tropical rainforest
Organism’s ability to survive biotic and abiotic factors
Tolerance
Biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number, distribution or reproduction of a population within a community
Limiting factor
Primary successions pioneer species
Lichen
Secondary successions pioneer species
Plants
