Biology Ch. 18 Vocabulary

Question 1

Microscopic prokaryotes most are beneficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can cause disease

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome

Answer 2

Nucleiod

Question 3

Polysaccharide layer secreted around the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces

Answer 3

Capsule

Question 4

Hairlike, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells

Answer 4

Pilus

Question 5

Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells

Answer 5

Binary Fission

Question 6

Form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material

Answer 6

Conjugation

Question 7

Dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions

Answer 7

Endospore

Question 8

Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function

Answer 8

Virus

Question 9

Outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus

Answer 9

Capsid

Question 10

Viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cell’s cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell is instructed to manufacture capsids and assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell

Answer 10

Lytic cycle

Question 11

Viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into the host cell’s chromosome, may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses

Answer 11

Lysogenic cycle

Question 12

RNA virus, such as HIV, with reserve transcriptase in its core

Answer 12

Retrovirus

Question 13

Protein that can cause infection or disease

Answer 13

Prion