Biology Ch. 7 Vocab Test Flashcards
Basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms
Cell
States that (1) organisms are made of one or more cells; (2) cells are the basic unit of life; and (3) all cells come only from other cells
Cell theory
Flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell
Plasma membrane
Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation
Organelle
Unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Eukaryotic cell
In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA
Nucleus
Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic Cell
Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substance into or out of the cell
Selective Permeability
Plasma membranes layers composed at phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.
Phospholipid bilayer
Protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane
Transport Protein
A plasma membrane with components constantly in motion sliding past one another or written the lipid bilayer
Fluid Mosaic Model
Semifluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins
Ribosome
The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Nucleolus
Highly, folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles in or out of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and waters
Vacuole
Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances
Lysosome
Organelle that plays a role in cell division and its made of microtubules
Centriole
Membrane-bound organelles that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell
Mitochondrion
Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
Chloroplast
In plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell
Cell Wall
Short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement
Cilium
Long, tail-like projection with whiplike or propeller motion that helps a cell move
Flagellum
