Biology Ch. 7 Vocab

Question 1

Basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

States that (1) organisms are made of one of more cells; (2) cells are the basic unit of life; and (3) all cells come only from other cells

Answer 2

Cell Theory

Question 3

Flexible selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy trasformation

Answer 4

Organelle

Question 5

Unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Answer 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 6

In Eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Answer 7

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 8

Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substance into or out of the cell

Answer 8

Selective Permeability

Question 9

Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside

Answer 9

Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 10

Protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane

Answer 10

Transport Protein

Question 11

A plasma membrane with components constantly in motion sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer

Answer 11

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 12

Semifluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm

Question 14

SImple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins

Answer 14

Ribosome

Question 15

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

Highly, folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis

Answer 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell

Answer 17

Golgi Apparatus

Question 18

Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes

Answer 18

Vacuole

Question 19

Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances

Answer 19

Lysosome

Question 20

Organelle that plays a role in cell division and its made of microtubules

Answer 20

Centriole

Question 21

Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell

Answer 21

Mitochondrion

Question 22

Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosythesis

Answer 22

Chloroplast

Question 23

In plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell

Answer 23

Cell Wall

Question 24

Short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement

Answer 24

Cilium

Question 25

Long, tail-like projection with whiplike or propeller motion that helps a cell move

Answer 25

Flagellum

Question 26

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 26

Diffusion

Question 27

Condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials

Answer 27

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 28

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins

Answer 28

Facilitated diffusion

Question 29

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 29

Osmosis

Question 30

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water

Answer 30

Isotonic Solution

Question 31

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis

Answer 31

Hypotonic Solution

Question 32

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis

Answer 32

Hypertonic Solution

Question 33

Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Answer 33

Active Transport

Question 34

Energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

Answer 34

Endocytosis

Question 35

Energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane

Answer 35

Exocytosis

Question 36

Advantages: Visible light, inexpensive. See Colors. Can use living things
Disadvantages: Distortion by view of example. 2D only magnifies 1,000x

Answer 36

Optical Microscope

Question 37

Advantages: 500,000x, more detail
Disadvantages: Black + white image, Non-living samples. 2D, like a photograph

Answer 37

Transmission Electron Microscope

Question 38

Advantages: 3D, 500,000x, more detail, can be colorized.
Disadvantages: Black + white image, Non-living samples

Answer 38

Scanning Electron Microscope