Biology Ch. 6 Vocab

Question 1

Building block of matter

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Positively charged particle in an atom’s nucleus

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

Particle without a charge in an atom’s nucleus

Answer 4

Neutron

Question 5

Negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom’s nucleus

Answer 5

Electron

Question 6

Pure substance composed of only one type of atom

Answer 6

Element

Question 7

Two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons

Answer 7

Isotope

Question 8

Pure substance with unique properties formed when two or more different elements combine

Answer 8

Compound

Question 9

Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons

Answer 9

Covalent bond

Question 10

Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds

Answer 10

Molecule

Question 11

Atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons

Answer 11

Ion

Question 12

Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms

Answer 12

Ionic bond

Question 13

Attractive forces between molecules

Answer 13

Van der Waals force

Question 14

Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances

Answer 14

Chemical Reaction

Question 15

Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

Answer 15

Reactant

Question 16

Substance formed by a chemical reaction

Answer 16

Product

Question 17

Minimum amount of energy needed for reactions to form products in a chemical reaction

Answer 17

Activation Energy

Question 18

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy

Answer 18

Catalyst

Question 19

Protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Answer 19

Enzyme

Question 20

Reactant to which an enzyme binds

Answer 20

Substrate

Question 21

Specific place where a substrate binds on a enzyme

Answer 21

Active site

Question 22

Molecule with oppositely charged regions

Answer 22

Polar Molecule

Question 23

Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom

Answer 23

Hydrogen bond

Question 24

Combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics

Answer 24

Mixture

Question 25

Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)

Answer 25

Solution

Question 26

Substance in which another is dissolved

Answer 26

Solvent

Question 27

Substance dissolved in a solvent

Answer 27

Solute

Question 28

Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Answer 28

Acid

Question 29

Substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

Answer 29

Base

Question 30

Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Answer 30

pH

Question 31

Mixture that can react with an acid or a loose to maintain the pH within a specific range

Answer 31

Buffer