Biology Ch. 9 Vocabulary

Question 1

Process of cellular Reproduction

Answer 1

Cell Cycle

Question 2

Unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions

Answer 2

Stem Cell

Question 3

Programmed cell death

Answer 3

Apoptosis

Question 4

Cancer-causing substance

Answer 4

Carcinogen

Question 5

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors

Answer 5

Cancer

Question 6

Enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle

Answer 6

Cyclin-dependent kinase

Question 7

One of the specific proteins that regulate the cell cycle

Answer 7

Cyclin

Question 8

The first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures and replicates its DNA

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

The second main stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

Third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell

Answer 10

Cytokinesis

Question 11

DNA-containing structure that carries genetic materials from one generation to another

Answer 11

Chromosome

Question 12

Relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

Answer 12

Chromatin

Question 13

First stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 13

Prophase

Question 14

Structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication

Answer 14

Sister Chromatid

Question 15

Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids

Answer 15

Centromere

Question 16

Structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides

Answer 16

Spindle Apparatus

Question 17

Second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator

Answer 17

Metaphase

Question 18

Third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 18

Anaphase

Question 19

Last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided

Answer 19

Telophase