Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Flashcards
What does cancer stop from growing?
cells that normally divide in a controlled way to form or repair tissues. they start dividing uncontrollably forming tumours
How can you prevent getting cancer?
Avoid habits that increase cancer risks, e.g. smoking.
being overweight is also a common thing that leads to cancer after smoking.
What is an infection?
When a pathogen invades another organism and divides within it.
How are viruses different to infections?
A virus must not only invade our body but our cells.
What is Amylase?
An enzyme that breaks the long chain of starch molecules into simple sugar (maltose)
Where is amylase found?
Pancreas cells, and in your salivary glands.
What is maltose?
Simple sugar made by two glucose sub units joined together. It is broken down in the small intestine into glucose molecules.
What are Proteases?
Enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of protein molecules into their individual amino acids. Made by cells of the stomach and pancreas.
What are Lipases?
Enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of oily or fatty molecules (lipids)
Why is Hydrochloric acid needed?
To sterilise food due to all the micro-organisms that are on the food. Also to help break down food for digestion.
What is Bile?
A substance that neutralises stomach acids and emulsifies fats.
In the small intestine, how does digestion continue?
The (hair like) villi line the small intestine, massively increasing the surface area meaning that they then absorb products of digestion into the blood.
How does blood help in digestion?
Transports digested foods to all body cells where it is now used in cell metabolism.
What do they enzymes do to help digestion?
Help break down large food molecules into small molecules that the body can use.
What is an enzyme?
Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.
