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Anatomy > Anatomy of the pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of pharynx?

A

Speech and swallowing

Act as sphincters

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the wall of the pharynx?

A

Areolar, muscular, sub mucous, mucous

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3
Q

Which coat contains the muscles of the wall of the pharynx?

A

Muscular layer

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4
Q

What are the circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

Constrictor muscles.
Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

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5
Q

What are the attachments of superior constrictor?

A

From pterygomadnibular raphe it fans out posteriorly to pharyngeal raphe which is anchored to the pharyngeal tubercle.
Superiorly attached to pharyngobasilar fascia

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6
Q

What shares its origin with superior constrictor?

A

Buccinator

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7
Q

What are all the constrictor muscles attached to posteriorly?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

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8
Q

What are the attachments of middles constrictor?

A

From greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament (the inferior part), fans our posteriorly to pharyngeal raphe. It overlaps superior constrictor

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9
Q

What are the attachments of inferior constrictor?

A

From the lateral aspect of thyroid and cricoid cartilages, fans out posteriorly to pharyngeal raphe

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10
Q

What is the inferior part of the inferior constrictor known as?

A

Cricopharyngeus

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11
Q

What is the superior part of the inferior constrictor known as?

A

Thyropharyngeus

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12
Q

Other than constrictor muscles what other muscles are found int he wall of the pharynx?

A

Longitudinal muscles (lengthen)

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13
Q

Name the longitudinal muscles

A

Palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus,

Salpingopharyngeus

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14
Q

What muscle is Stylopharyngeus deep to?

A

Middle constrictor

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15
Q

What is the motor innervation of constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal plexus from X

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16
Q

What is the motor innervation of the longitudinal muscles?

A 
Palatopharyngeus = X
Stylopharyngeus = IX
Salpingopharyngeus = X
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17
Q

What lines the interior pharynx?

A

Mucosa

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18
Q

What are the compartments of the interior pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Where is the nasopharynx found?

A

Between the base of the skull and the soft palate

20
Q

What are the contents fo the nasopharynx?

A

Opening of the auditory tube
Salpingopharyngeal fold (small muscle covered in mucous)
Pharyngeal recess
Pharyngeal tonsils/ adenoids

21
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

A small muscle (salpingopharyngeus) that is covered in mucous

22
Q

What is the pharyngeal recess?

A

Vertical cleft between salpingopharyngeal fold and posterior wall of pharynx

23
Q

What are the attachments of salpingopharyngeus?

A

Opening of auditory tube and blends into palatopharyngeus

24
Q

Where is the oropharynx found?

A

Between soft palate and floor of oral cavity

25
Q

When the soft palate is at rest:

a) nasopharynx and oropharynx are closed off from each other
b) nasopharynx and oropharynx communicate with each other

A

b

26
Q

When is the soft palate raised?

A

Swallowing

27
Q

When the soft palate is raised:

a) it forms a seal between the oropharynx and nasopharynx
b) it allows the oropharynx and nasopharynx to communicate

A

a

28
Q

What are the contents of the oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch,

palatine tonsil

29
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil found?

A

Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

30
Q

Which is larger and more posterior?

a) palatophayrngeal arch
b) palatoglossal arch

A

a

31
Q

What layer of fascia is deep to the palatine tonsil?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

32
Q

What does pharyngobasilar fascia form the superior attachment of?

A

Superior constrictor

33
Q

What is the function of the pharyngobasilar fascia?

A

Keeps airway open at rest

34
Q

What does pharyngobasilar fascia lie upon?

A

Superior constrictor, palatoglossus, styloglossus and IX

35
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

Between the superior border of the epiglottis and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)

36
Q

What is the function of epiglottis?

A

Guards the opening of the larynx - closes windpipe whilst eating so don’t inhale food

37
Q

What are the glossoepiglottic folds?

A

Attach epiglottis to tongue

38
Q

What are the valleculae?

A

2 small depressions either side of glossoepiglottic folds

39
Q

Where is the piriform recess?

A

Between the lateral gloss epiglottic fold and side of the pharynx

40
Q

What is the main sensory innervation fo the pharynx?

A

IX

41
Q

What provides sensory innervation to soft palate and pharyngeal roof?

A

V2 - lesser palatine

42
Q

What provides sensory innervation around the laryngeal inlet?

A

X

43
Q

What provides the arterial supply to the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, inferior thyroid.

Soft palate and tonsils supplied by branches of facial and maxillary aswell

44
Q

What is the ascending pharyngeal artery a branch of?

A

External carotid

45
Q

What is the superior thyroid artery a branch of?

A

External carotid artery

46
Q

What is inferior thyroid artery a branch of?

A

Thyrocervical trunk (subclavian)

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus which drains into internal jugular vein

Anatomy (40 decks)

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