Anasthesia

Question 1

goals of general anesthesia

Answer 1

• loss of consciousness
• analgesia
• skeletal muscle relaxation
• inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes

Question 2

inhaled general anesthetics

Answer 2

• Nitrous oxide, halothane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane
• Exact MOA unknown
• Hangover effect → occurs from anesthetic being stored in adipose tissue

Question 3

IV general anestheitcs

Answer 3

• May be used in combo w inhaled anesthetic
• Quick onset and recovery
• Often preferred for induction of anesthesia
• Ex: propofol

Question 4

regional anesthesia route(s)

Answer 4

• topical
• infiltration anesthesia
• peripheral nerve block
• IV regional block
• epidural
• spinal administration

Question 5

3 categories of regional anesthesia

Answer 5

• Central neuraxial block = epidural or intrathecal space
• Peripheral nerve block = near a nerve or plexus innervating the area undergoing surgery
• Field block = adjoining tissues so the drug will diffuse to the surgical area for minor hand or foot procedures

Question 6

local anesthesia MOA

Answer 6

reversibly binds and blocks nerve condition

Question 7

local anesthesia route(s)

Answer 7

topical or injection

Question 8

local anesthesia advantages

Answer 8

confined to one area, quick recovery, low systemic toxicity, some available OTC (ex: orajel, lidocaine patches)

Question 9

local anesthesia disadvantages

Answer 9

incomplete analgesia, longer time to anesthesia

Question 10

local anesthesia AEs

Answer 10

• CNS stimulation → tremors, confusion, seizures → progress to CNS depression
• CV: arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
• Respiratory depression

Question 11

rehab concerns w anesthesia (4)

Answer 11

• NM weakness
• impaired airway clearance (incentive spirometer)
• immune function
• older adults