95-text Box Session 4

Question 1

ergonomically speaking, chairs and tables … not give you a backache.

Answer 1

in a way that makes furniture or equipment comfortable and effective for people who use it: The new office chairs will be ergonomically

ergonomical adjective —ergonomically adverb
The factory is well lit, ergonomically designed and air-conditioned.

Question 2

software –> never with s

Answer 2

/ˈsɒftweə $ ˈsɒːftwer/ ●●● S3 W1 noun [uncountable]
the sets of programs that tell a computer how to do a particular job → hardware
She loaded the new software.
design/anti-virus/database etc software
word-processing software
a software company
COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
use software
Several companies have already begun using the software.
run software
To run the software, you will need the latest version of Windows.
load/install software
Don’t let your kids load pirated games software onto your machine.
download software
Users can download the software without charge.
write/design/develop software
He designs software for an Atlanta-based company.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + SOFTWARE
computer software
He is the owner of a computer software company.
anti-virus software
Make sure you have good anti-virus software installed.
business software
He has been training people in the use of business software since 1983.
SOFTWARE + NOUN
a software developer/engineer/designer
her job as a software developer
a software package (=a set of programs)
Select a software package which suits your requirements.
PHRASES
a piece of software
This excellent piece of software is compatible with both PCs and Macs.

Question 3

The majority of our time is spent on …

Question 4

It is of importance.

Answer 4

Of importance—it means : considerable , critical , crucial. , important , indispensable .

im‧por‧tance /ɪmˈpɔːtəns $ -ɔːr-/ ●●● S3 W1 noun [singular, uncountable]
the quality of being important
the importance of something
the importance of regular exercise
I agree about the importance of these proposals (=the reasons why they are important).
of importance
They make decisions about various matters of importance (=important matters).
He was full of his own importance (=he behaved in an annoying way which showed that he thought he was very important).
THESAURUS
importance the quality of being important
the importance of cleanliness in preventing infections
He may have been an evil tyrant, but you cannot deny his importance in world history.
significance the importance of an event, action etc, especially because of the effects or influence it will have in the future
The significance of the discovery was not understood until years later.
9/11 was an event of global significance.
value the importance and usefulness or something
The athletes talked to the students about the value of a college education.
Such methods are of little value.
prominence the fact of being important and well-known
He first came to prominence (=became well-known )in the 1990s.
COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
have importance
This is an issue that has importance for all of us.
attach importance to something (=think it is important)
She attached great importance to loyalty.
recognize/realize the importance of something
We all recognize the importance of his work.
emphasize/stress the importance of something
I’d like to emphasize the importance of reading exam questions carefully.
assume importance (=become important)
The town assumed importance once it was connected to the rail system.
lose its importance
The island lost its importance when trade routes changed.
exceed something in importance formal (=be more important than something else)
For him, winning Wimbledon exceeded all other tournaments in importance.
ADJECTIVES
great/considerable/enormous importance
Crime rates have great importance for the government.
Some people attach enormous importance to personal wealth.
vital/crucial/critical importance (=very great)
This research is of vital importance.
central/fundamental importance
The central importance of interest rates is widely recognized.
particular importance
Tourism has particular importance in some regions.
equal importance
When applying for a job, qualifications and experience are often of equal importance.
relative importance
We discussed the relative importance of these different sources of revenue.
growing/increasing importance
the growing importance of the Internet as a source of information
economic/political importance
The role of the police has great political importance.
local/national importance
Crime is an issue of national importance.
practical importance (=related to things that happen, rather than just ideas)
Science has long been of practical importance to civilization as a whole.
PHRASES
a sense/feeling of importance (=a feeling that you are an important person)
Sitting behind the big desk gave her a feeling of importance.
be of little/no importance
Where the money came from is of no importance.
be of the utmost importance/be of paramount importance (=be extremely important)
It is of the utmost importance that this matter is kept confidential.
be of primary importance formal (=be the most important thing)
Finishing the project on time is of primary importance.
be of secondary importance formal (=be less important than another thing)
Sometimes we forget that the media coverage of a sport is actually of secondary importance to the event itself.

Question 5

The fewer distractors you have, the better results you can achieve.

Question 6

a number of factors which make your workplace ideal.

Question 7

can make you feel secure enough
Another role-taker in efficiency is …

Question 8

to talk about reasons and results:
if
unless
double-comparative
If there are not enough facilities, staff may feel demotivated to work efficiently.

Question 9

The more naturally well-lit a place, the better feelings staff can have and the more comfortable they’ll feel. As a result, the company can count on their better performance.

Question 10

We’re surrounded by tech.

Question 11

Tech facilitates our lives.

Answer 11

to make it easier for a process or activity to happen
Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.

Question 12

every day= on a daily basis
every week = on a weekly basis

Question 13

Tech has made the pace of life faster. (a change)

Question 14

compare different times :
In the past, people used to use animals to move around, and then there came cars, which were quite slow at first, but today, thanks to tech, there are rapid means of transport as well as navigation apps which helps us …

Question 15

conditionals:
I –> real present
II –> hypothetical present conditions

Answer 15

hypothetical:

adjective
based on a situation that is not real, but that might happen
hypothetical situation/example/question
Brennan brought up a hypothetical case to make his point.
The question is purely hypothetical.

Question 16

Tech can enrich your leisure time: search online –> get informed, smart gadgets on your smart phone, online libraries,
reduce your carbon foorprint

Question 17

We are getting more and more introverted.
social anxiety

Question 18

.. wouldn’t be able to do our work remotely

Question 19

If it weren’t for our smart watches, we wouldn’t be able to track our health status.

Answer 19

اگه بخاطر ساعت هوشمندمون نبود، نمیتونستیم پیامای سلامتیمونو دنبال کنیم

Question 20

… have a great impact on our lives. (adj + n)
… have positively affected our lives. (adv + action verb)

Question 21

Prefer to + v
People prefer to have less physical activity.

Question 22

… beless physically active. (adv + adj)

Question 23

Innovations make people lazy.
causes obesity.
Many people are overweight. (adj)
The effect is not direct.

Question 24

directly –> an adverb –> used with an action verb not after to be
Tech can directly/ indirectly affect your life.

Question 25

The long-term effects are related to our mental health.

Question 26

There are a lot of disadvantages to tech.
We don’t gather together as often.

Question 27

I have been to Shiraz once. I went there with my cousins.

Question 28

avoid

Answer 28

prevent, stop

Question 29

deal with

Answer 29

work with, manage, handle

Question 30

to see things to do with electronics

Answer 30

realted to

Question 31

… what we can do to avoid damaging it further.

Answer 31

more

Question 32

It fascinated me

Answer 32

attracted

Question 33

theme

Answer 33

subject

Question 34

keep an eye on

Answer 34

look after = watch

Question 35

It contains a range of things from… to…

Question 36

make sure their kids are ..
tells parents about their kids attendance

Question 37

for looking after and working with money

Question 38

you must have heard of

Question 39

It adds up the bill as you go around

Question 40

Long holiday
Long long holiday

Answer 40

The length of a “long holiday” can vary significantly depending on cultural, regional, and individual preferences. In some contexts, a long holiday might refer to a weekend getaway lasting two or three days, while in others, it could mean an extended break of a week or more. Here are some common durations for different types of long holidays:

1. Weekend Getaway: Typically lasts for 2 to 3 days, often starting on Friday evening and ending on Sunday or Monday.
2. Extended Weekend: Can last 4 to 5 days, often involving taking a day or two off work or school to create a longer break.
3. Week-Long Holiday: Typically spans 7 days, making it a full week away from regular commitments.
4. Two-Week Holiday: Lasts for 14 days and is common for vacations or travel to more distant destinations.
5. Month-Long Holiday: A longer break lasting for 30 days, often taken for sabbaticals, extended travel, or special occasions.
6. Seasonal or Annual Leave: Some people have the option to take extended leaves from work, which can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on their employment arrangements.
7. Gap Year: For some individuals, especially students, a “gap year” can involve taking a year off between educational stages or before entering the workforce to travel, work, or engage in other experiences.

The specific length of a long holiday can vary based on personal preferences, available time, and the purpose of the break. Additionally, cultural and regional holidays may also influence the duration of vacations, as some cultures have longer annual holidays or special traditions that extend vacation periods.

Question 41

If it weren’t for this apps

Answer 41

اگه بخاطر این اپیکیشنا نبود…

Question 42

On the other hand,…

Answer 42

On the other hand is a conjunctive adverb. It is used to compare two situations or two people and to show that there is an important difference between them.

About advantage. On the other hand, about disadvantage

Question 43

I use it so often that..

Answer 43

انقد ازش استفاده میکنم که…

Question 44

Means (singular and plural)

Answer 44

Ways
means /miːnz/ ●●○ S3 W2 noun (plural means)

1 METHOD [countable] a way of doing or achieving something
means of
For most people, the car is still their main means of transport.
The only means of communication was sign language.
The window was our only means of escape.
Do you have any means of identification?
art as a means of expression
Homework should not be used as a means of controlling children.
I had no means of telling him I would be late.
Brian was prepared to use any means to get what he wanted.
They had entered the country by unlawful means.
the means by which performance is assessed
► see thesaurus at method

2 MONEY [plural] the money or income that you have
have the means to do something
I don’t have the means to support a family.
Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people (=too expensive for most people).
Try to live within your means (=only spending what you can afford).
His father was a man of means (=a rich man).

Question 45

Species (singular and plural)

Answer 45

spe‧cies /ˈspiːʃiːz/ ●●○ W3 noun (plural species) [countable]
a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants → genus
Seven species of birds of prey have been observed.
pandas and other endangered species (=ones that may soon no longer exist)
► see thesaurus at animal
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + SPECIES
endangered (=used about a species of which there are very few still alive, so that it may soon not exist)
The park is a sanctuary for 41 endangered species.
protected
Elephants are a protected species in Indonesia.
rare
The area contains many rare species of plants.
common
Here you will see most of the common species of African wildlife.
extinct (=no longer existing)
About a hundred species are becoming extinct every day.
new (=not known about before, or not existing before )
A new species of spider has been discovered in a field in Cambridgeshire.
native (=having always been in a particular country)
Desert broom is a species native to Arizona.
bird/animal/plant species
You can see many different bird species on the canal.
VERBS
a species is found somewhere
This species is found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
a species lives somewhere (=used about animals)
Many rainforest species cannot live anywhere else.
a species grows somewhere (=used about plants)
The species grows wild in Europe.

Question 46

Series (singular and plural)

Answer 46

ˈsɪəriːz $ ˈsɪr-/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun (plural series) [countable usually singular]
1 → series of something
2 PLANNED EVENTS a group of events or actions that are planned to happen one after the other
series of
This autumn the BBC will be showing a series of French films.
Staff will hold a series of meetings over the next few weeks.
a summer lecture series
3 TV/RADIO a set of television or radio programmes that have the same characters or deal with the same type of subject, and are usually broadcast every week or several times a week
a new comedy series
4 BOOKS/ARTICLES ETC several books, articles etc that deal with the same subject or tell stories about the same characters
series of
a series of articles on community care
a science fiction series
5 SIMILAR THINGS several things of the same kind
series of
a series of laws against discrimination
The area is linked by a series of canals.
6 SPORT a set of sports games played between the same two teams
the World Series (=in baseball)
Test series (=in cricket)