52 Flashcards
Drawbacks
Negative things
a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product etc
It’s a great city – the only drawback is the weather.
Barrier
Limitation
Hands-on work experience
تجربه کار عملی
Downside
the downside
the negative part or disadvantage of something OPP upside
Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power.
the downside of
The downside of the book is that it is written in a rather boring style.
→ downside
Disadvantages vs other
THESAURUS
disadvantage noun [countable] a bad feature that something has, which makes it less good or less useful than other things
What do you think are the disadvantages of nuclear energy?
This car uses a lot of fuel, which is a major disadvantage.
drawback noun [countable] a bad feature that something has, although it has advantages that are usually more important
One of the main drawbacks is the price.
bad point noun [countable] especially spoken a bad feature that something has
All of these designs have both their good points and bad points.
the downside noun [singular] the disadvantage of a situation that in most other ways seems good or enjoyable
It’s a great job. The only downside is that I don’t get much free time.
Advantages vs other
THESAURUS – Meaning 2: a good or useful feature that something has
advantage a good feature that something has, which makes it better, more useful etc than other things
The great advantage of digital cameras is that there is no film to process.
benefit a feature of something that has a good effect on people’s lives
Regular exercise has many benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease.
merit a good feature that something has, which you consider when you are deciding whether it is the best choice
The committee will consider the merits of the proposals.
The merits and demerits of (=the good and bad features of)alternative funding systems were widely discussed in the newspapers.
The chairman saw no great merit in this suggestion (=he did not think that it was a good idea).
virtue an advantage that makes you believe that something is a good thing
They believed in the virtues of culture, civilization, and reason.
He’s always extolling the virtues of hard work (=saying that hard work is a good thing).
the good/great/best thing about something especially spoken used when mentioning a good feature of something. This phrase is rather informal and you should not use it in formal essays
The good thing about cycling is that you don’t have to worry about getting stuck in a traffic jam.
the beauty of something is that used when you want to emphasize that something has a very good or useful feature
The beauty of the plan is that it is so simple.
Literature
1 books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good
He has read many of the major works of literature.
Italian literature
► see thesaurus at book
2 all the books, articles etc on a particular subject
literature on
literature on the history of science
in the literature
Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.
3 printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something
sales literature
Toothache
a pain in a tooth
I’ve got toothache.
I had terrible toothache all last night.
Percentage
1 [countable, uncountable] an amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100
percentage of
The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five per cent.
Tax is paid as a percentage of total income.
high/low/small percentage
A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs.
Interest rates fell by six percentage points (=6%).
The numbers are small in percentage terms (=when calculated as a percentage).
percentage change/increase etc
Crime figures showed significant percentage increases.
GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
If the noun that follows a percentage of is plural, use a plural verb after it:
Only a small percentage of people are interested in politics.
2 [countable usually singular] a share of the profits
She gets a percentage for every record sold.
3 → there is no percentage in doing something
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
high/large
A high percentage of our students pass the exam.
small/low
Only a small percentage of people suffer from the allergy.
significant
We get a significant percentage of our oil from Nigeria and Angola.
PERCENTAGE + NOUN
a percentage point (=one percent)
The party increased its share of the vote by almost 4 percentage points.
a percentage increase/change
Poorer pensioners experienced the greatest percentage increase in their pensions.
PHRASES
in percentage terms
The quantity of carbon dioxide was, in percentage terms, extremely small.
VERBS
express something as a percentage
The number is expressed as a percentage of the total population of the country.
Perhaps
1 used to say that something may be true, but you are not sure SYN maybe
Perhaps she’s next door.
Perhaps it will snow tomorrow.
It won’t take so long next time, perhaps.
‘I don’t think you understand.’ ‘Well, perhaps not.’
Register
In everyday English, people usually use may or might rather than use perhaps it/she/they etc will:
It might snow tomorrow.
2 used to give your opinion, when you do not want to be too definite SYN maybe
This is perhaps her finest novel yet.
The industrial revolution was, perhaps, the most important event in history.
3 used to say that a number is only a guess SYN maybe
The room was large, perhaps 20 feet square.
Perhaps 200 people were there.
4 spoken used to politely ask or suggest something, or say what you are going to do SYN maybe
I thought perhaps we’d have lunch in the garden.
Athletics
علم ورزش، ورزشکاری، پهلوانی، زور ورزی، یل پروری
1 British English sports such as running and jumping SYN track and field American English
2 American English physical activities such as sports and exercise
GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
Athletics is followed by a singular verb:
Athletics is largely an individual sport.
مسابقه دو و میدانی، ورزشی به همراه دویدن و پریدن از روی موانع
Inquisitive
1 asking too many questions and trying to find out too many details about something or someone
I’d have asked more questions, but I didn’t want to seem inquisitive.
2 interested in a lot of different things and wanting to find out more about them → curious
a cheerful, inquisitive little boy
an inquisitive mind
—inquisitively adverb
He peeped inquisitively into the drawer.
—inquisitiveness noun [uncountable]
Get good at something
Become good at something
Collaborate
Cooperate , work together
Have a scenes of commitment
Be responsible
