75 Flashcards
The impact of tourism on local people and the environment can vary depending on various factors such as the scale and management of tourism, the destination’s capacity, and the practices adopted by tourists and local communities. It’s important to consider both the positive and negative aspects of tourism when evaluating its overall impact.
- Economic benefits: Tourism can stimulate economic growth and generate revenue for local communities through spending on accommodation, food, transportation, and attractions. This can create jobs, stimulate entrepreneurship, and contribute to the local economy.
- Cultural exchange: Tourism allows for cultural exchange between travelers and local communities, fostering greater understanding, appreciation, and preservation of cultural traditions, heritage, and diversity.
- Infrastructure development: The growth of tourism often leads to infrastructure development in the local area, including improvements to transportation, accommodation, and public services, which can benefit both tourists and local residents.
- Preservation of natural resources: In some cases, tourism can provide economic incentives for the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems. Protected areas and natural attractions may gain increased attention and funding for conservation efforts due to the value placed on them by tourists.
Incentive =
something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc → motivation
As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.
create/provide/give somebody an incentive
Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.
incentive to do something
Farmers lack any incentive to manage their land organically.
economic/financial/tax etc incentives
a recycling drive backed with financial incentives
COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
have an incentive
Companies have an incentive to maximize efficiency.
give/offer somebody an incentive
If you want people to change their behaviour, it’s a good idea to offer them some kind of incentive.
provide somebody with an incentive
Good teachers provide their students with incentives to learn.
create an incentive
We need to create an incentive for people to recycle their rubbish.
act as an incentive (=be an incentive)
The chance of promotion acts as an incentive for many employees.
ADJECTIVES
a strong/powerful incentive
The possibility of acquiring wealth acts as a strong incentive in many people’s lives.
a significant incentive
The high financial rewards provide a significant incentive.
a greater incentive
The scheme gives industry a greater incentive to tackle pollution.
the main incentive
What is the main incentive for people to join the army?
an extra/added incentive
The cash prize gives contestants an added incentive to do well.
economic/financial incentives (=money that is offered to someone as an incentive)
Doctors are encouraged through financial incentives to work in poor areas.
NOUN + INCENTIVE
cash incentives
The scheme gives farmers cash incentives to manage the countryside for wildlife.
tax incentives (=a reduction in tax, offered to people as an incentive)
Tax incentives are provided for employees to buy shares in their own companies.
price incentives (=lower prices, offered to people as an incentive)
The strong December sales were attributed to attractive price incentives.
INCENTIVE + NOUN
an incentive scheme/system
The incentive scheme was introduced to encourage companies to use renewable energy sources.
PHRASES
have little/no incentive to do something
Poor farmers have little incentive to grow crops for export
- Overcrowding and strain on resources: Mass tourism can lead to overcrowding, putting pressure on natural resources, public infrastructure, and local communities. This can result in issues like increased waste generation, degradation of natural areas, and strained public services.
Strain=
strain1 /streɪn/ ●●○ W3 noun
1 WORRY [countable, uncountable] worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time → stress
I couldn’t look after him anymore; the strain was too much for me.
Did you find the job a strain?
the stresses and strains of police life
strain for
The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us.
strain on
It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily.
put/place a strain on somebody
The long working hours put a severe strain on employees.
under (a) strain
I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately.
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work)
I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain.
2 DIFFICULTY [countable, uncountable] a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with
strain on
The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources.
put/place (a) strain on something
The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service.
strain in
The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries.
under (a) strain
His marriage was under strain.
break/crack/collapse etc under the strain
The party split under the strain.
3 FORCE [uncountable] a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged
strain on
The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous.
put/place (a) strain on something
Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles.
These four posts take the strain of the whole structure.
break/snap/collapse etc under the strain
The rope snapped under the strain.
4 INJURY [countable, uncountable] an injury to a muscle or part of your body that is caused by using it too much
Long hours working at a computer can cause eye strain.
The goalkeeper is still out of action with a knee strain.
► see thesaurus at injury
5 PLANT/ANIMAL [countable] a type of animal, plant, or disease
strain of
different strains of wheat
a new strain of the flu virus
6 QUALITY [singular] a particular quality which people have, especially one that is passed from parents to children
strain of
There’s a strain of madness in his family.
7 WAY OF SAYING SOMETHING [singular] formal an amount of a feeling that you can see in the way someone speaks, writes, paints etc
a strain of bitterness in Young’s later work
8 → strains of something
COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
ADJECTIVES
great/considerable/severe strain
The country’s health system is under great strain.
a terrible strain
It’s been a terrible strain.
an intolerable strain (=too great to bear)
The cost of these wars put an intolerable strain on the economy.
undue strain (=too much strain)
How much can you invest without putting any undue strain on your finances?
emotional strain
She has been suffering from considerable emotional strain.
financial strain
This welfare program has eased the financial strain of raising children alone.
VERBS
put/place (a) strain on somebody/something
Living with my parents put quite a strain on our marriage.
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to continue normally because of the strain)
They are worried that the court system might collapse under the strain.
ease the strain (=make it less)
You can do much to ease the strain of the situation for her.
PHRASES
be under (a) strain
Claudia could see that he was under considerable strain.
stresses and strains
Holidays help people to cope with the stresses and strains of life.
- Cultural commodification: Tourism can sometimes lead to the commodification and commercialization of local culture, resulting in the loss of authentic traditions and erosion of cultural values, as they may be altered to cater to tourist demands.
commodification=
a process by which something starts being sold for money, or its importance starts being measured according to its value in money – usually used showing disapproval
the commodification of art
- Unequal distribution of benefits: Tourism can exacerbate socio-economic disparities, with profits often concentrated in the hands of large corporations or foreign investors, while local communities may not receive an equitable share of the economic benefits generated.
corporations=
1 a big company, or a group of companies acting together as a single organization
He works for a large American corporation.
multinational corporations
the Siemens Corporation
corporation tax (=tax that companies have to pay on their profits)
► see thesaurus at company
2 an organization or group of organizations that work together for a particular purpose and are officially recognized as one
the New Orleans Citywide Development Corporation
a housing corporation
3 British English old use a group of people elected to govern a town or city SYN council
- Environmental impact: Tourism can have negative environmental effects, including pollution, habitat degradation, and increased carbon emissions due to transportation. Fragile ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to the environmental impact of tourism.
1 easily broken or damaged OPP strong
Be careful with that vase – it’s very fragile.
fragile bones
► see thesaurus at weak
2 a fragile situation is one that is weak or uncertain, and likely to become worse under pressure OPP strong
the country’s fragile economy
Relations between the two countries are in a fragile state.
the party’s fragile unity
3 → fragile health
4 thin and delicate
fragile beauty
5 British English if someone feels fragile they feel ill, especially because they have drunk too much alcohol
—fragility /frəˈdʒɪləti/ noun [uncountable]
THESAURUS
fragile easily broken or damaged
The documents are old and very fragile.
a fragile glass case
The seventeenth century wall hangings are extremely fragile.
delicate easily damaged – used especially about things that are made from thin material and look attractive
a delicate gold necklace
The plant has delicate blue flowers.
delicate fabrics
brittle brittle hair, nails, bones etc have a hard surface, but they break easily, especially because they are not in good condition
As you get older, your bones become more brittle.
a special shampoo for dry and brittle hair
breakable breakable objects must be handled carefully because they will break easily
Put breakable objects out of the reach of children.
breakable ornaments
flimsy made of thin material that tears easily, or badly-made and likely to break easily
a flimsy cotton shirt
a flimsy wooden table
frail especially literary not strong and therefore easy to break, damage, or hurt
The young trees are frail and need to be protected from the wind.
a frail little fishing boat
a frail old lady
What are Importance of protecting areas of natural beauty:
Protecting areas of natural beauty is crucial for various reasons. Firstly, these areas play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. They support numerous plant and animal species, ensuring their survival and contributing to the overall health of ecosystems. Secondly, natural beauty has cultural, aesthetic, and recreational value. These areas provide a space for people to connect with nature, find inspiration, and enjoy outdoor activities. Lastly, natural landscapes provide essential ecosystem services, including clean air and water, climate regulation, and soil fertility, upon which human well-being depends.
Tourism and environmental effects on natural beauty:
Tourism can have both positive and negative environmental effects on natural beauty. On one hand, it can raise awareness and support for conservation efforts, contribute to local economies, and provide opportunities for educating visitors about the importance of preserving natural areas. On the other hand, uncontrolled tourism can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, habitat degradation, and disturbance to wildlife. Overcrowding, improper waste management, and resource overuse can harm delicate ecosystems and compromise the natural beauty of an area. Therefore, sustainable tourism practices that minimize environmental impact while providing economic benefits are crucial for protecting natural beauty.
Camping:
Camping is a popular outdoor activity that allows people to immerse themselves in nature and enjoy the natural beauty of an area.
It offers an opportunity to disconnect from the fast-paced modern life and connect with the environment.
While camping can have some environmental impacts, such as trampling vegetation or leaving behind traces of human presence, responsible camping practices can minimize these effects.
Respecting campground rules, leaving no trace, and following fire safety regulations are important to ensure the sustainability and protection of natural areas.
- Types of natural beauty: Natural beauty comes in various forms, including:
- Mountains: Majestic peaks, rugged landscapes, and snowy summits, like the Himalayas or the Rocky Mountains.
- Forests: Dense woodlands, towering trees, and vibrant foliage, such as the Amazon Rainforest or the Boreal Forests.
- Coastlines: Sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, and crystal-clear waters, like the Maldives or the Amalfi Coast.
- Deserts: Vast stretches of arid land, dunes, and unique desert flora and fauna, such as the Sahara Desert or the Atacama Desert.
- Waterfalls: Cascading water, mist, and lush surroundings, like the Angel Falls in Venezuela or the Iguazu Falls between Brazil and Argentina.
- Coral Reefs: Underwater ecosystems with colorful coral formations, diverse marine life, like the Great Barrier Reef or the Maldives’ coral reefs.
- Glaciers: Massive rivers of ice, icy landscapes, and frozen beauty, such as the Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina or the Jokulsarlon Glacier Lagoon in Iceland.
These are just a few examples of the different types of natural beauty found across the world. Each holds its unique charm and significance, emphasizing the importance of their protection and preservation
- Mountains: Majestic peaks, rugged landscapes, and snowy summits, like the Himalayas or the Rocky Mountains.
- Forests: Dense woodlands, towering trees, and vibrant foliage, such as the Amazon Rainforest or the Boreal Forests.
