58- Urban Sports Flashcards
Be into something
Be interested in something
I’m really into folk music.
Urban
Adjective
Relating to towns or cities
Always before a noun
1 relating to towns and cities OPP rural → suburban
unemployment in urban areas
the deprived sections of the urban population
2 relating to music such as rap, R & B, reggae etc that is mainly played by black singers and musicians
Rural => Am.
Like urban in British
Relating to towns or cities
Urban sports
The sports that you can do in the cities
For example, mountain climbing is not a urban sport
Bounce (v)
The movement from top to bottom
1 BALL/OBJECT [intransitive, transitive] if a ball or other object bounces, or you bounce it, it immediately moves up or away from a surface after hitting it
bounce off
The ball bounced off the post and into the goal.
bounce something on/against etc something
The kids were bouncing a ball against the wall.
2 JUMP UP AND DOWN [intransitive] to move up and down, especially because you are hitting a surface that is made of rubber, has springs etc
bounce on
Lyn was bouncing on the trampoline.
Stop bouncing up and down on the sofa.
3 CHEQUE [intransitive, transitive] if a cheque bounces, or if a bank bounces a cheque, the bank will not pay any money because there is not enough money in the account of the person who wrote it
4 WALK [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to walk quickly and with a lot of energy
Olivia came bouncing into the room.
5 SOMETHING MOVES UP AND DOWN [intransitive] if something bounces, it moves quickly up and down as you move
Her hair bounced when she walked.
6 LIGHT/SOUND [intransitive, transitive] if light or sound bounces, it hits a surface and then moves quickly away from it
bounce (something) off something
The radio signals are bounced off a satellite.
7 EMAIL (also bounce back) [intransitive, transitive] if an email that you send bounces or is bounced, it is returned to you and the other person does not receive it because of a technical problem
8 → bounce ideas off somebody
9 FORCE SOMEBODY TO LEAVE [transitive] informal to force someone to leave a place, job, or organization, especially because they have done something wrong
bounce somebody from something
Taylor was bounced from the team for assaulting another player.
Combine (v) (n)
Combination (n)
1 [intransitive, transitive] if you combine two or more different things, or if they combine, they begin to exist or work together → combination
combine something with something
Diets are most effective when combined with exercise.
combine to do something
A number of factors have combined to create this difficult situation.
combined effect/effects (=the result of two or more different things used or mixed together)
The combined effects of the war and the drought resulted in famine.
2 [transitive] to have two or more different features or qualities at the same time → combination
combine something with/and something
Good carpet wool needs to combine softness with strength.
3 [intransitive, transitive] if two or more different substances combine, or if you combine them, they mix or join together to produce a new single substance → combination
combine to do something
Different amino acids combine to form proteins.
Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.
combine something with something
Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon.
4 [transitive] to do two different activities at the same time
combine something with something
Many people enjoy combining a holiday with learning a new skill.
combine something and something
the problems facing women who wish to combine a career and family
combine business with pleasure (=work and enjoy yourself at the same time)
5 [intransitive, transitive] if two or more groups, organizations etc combine, or if you combine them, they join or work together in order to do something
combine to do something
Ten British and French companies combined to form the Channel Tunnel Group.
University zoologists and government vets are combining forces (=working together) to investigate the disease.
com‧bine2 /ˈkɒmbaɪn $ ˈkɑːm-/ noun [countable]
1 (also combine harvester) a machine used by farmers to cut grain, separate the seeds from it, and clean it
2 a group of people, businesses etc who work together
The factory was sold to a British combine after the war.
Combined
com‧bined /kəmˈbaɪnd/ ●●○ adjective [only before noun]
1 done, made, or achieved by several people or groups working together SYN joint
combined effort/action/operation
Dinner was a combined effort.
2 a combined total is the sum of two or more quantities or figures added together
Her records have sold a combined total of 14 million copies.
We could only afford a small flat, even on our combined salaries.
Touchy (adj)
Being touchy about something
1 easily becoming offended or annoyed SYN sensitive
touchy about
She is very touchy about her past.
2 → touchy subject/question etc
—touchiness noun [uncountable]
She is really touchy about her food
Opposite
( NO preposition)
preposition
1 especially British English if one thing or person is opposite another, they are facing each other
The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.
on the wall opposite the door
► Do not say that one thing is ‘opposite to’ or ‘opposite of’ another. Say that one thing is opposite another: There’s a car park opposite the hotel.
• Put the piano opposite the sofa.
opposite2 ●●● S3 W2 adjective [only before noun]
1 as different as possible from something else
I thought the medicine would make him sleep, but it had the opposite effect.
at the opposite end of the scale/spectrum
two parties at opposite ends of the political spectrum
At the opposite extreme, Ashworth’s style is very simple and modern.
Bob was quicker than Ed? It’s usually the opposite way round.
opposite to
a political philosophy that was opposite to everything she believed in
2 the opposite direction, way etc is directly away from someone or something
She turned and walked off in the opposite direction.
But the sign was pointing the opposite way.
3 the opposite side, corner, edge etc of something is on the other side of the same area, often facing it
The store was on the opposite side of the street.
the drawing on the opposite page
They work at opposite ends of the country (=a long distance apart), so only see each other at weekends.
Popularity
pop‧u‧lar‧i‧ty /ˌpɒpjəˈlærəti $ ˌpɑː-/ ●●○ noun [uncountable]
when something or someone is liked or supported by a lot of people
popularity of
The popularity of the Internet has soared.
The president’s popularity has declined considerably.
gain/grow/increase in popularity (=start to be liked by many people)
Country music is growing in popularity.
COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
enjoy popularity (=be popular)
The band enjoyed great popularity in the 1980s.
achieve popularity (=become popular)
Her books achieved tremendous popularity on both sides of the Atlantic.
gain/grow/increase in popularity
Extreme sports are growing in popularity.
court popularity (=try to be popular by pleasing people)
It is tempting for politicians to court popularity.
somebody’s popularity soars (=increases by a large amount)
Opinion polls showed that his popularity had soared to a record level.
something’s popularity declines
As fashions changed, their popularity declined.
ADJECTIVES
great popularity
His great popularity with British audiences dates from that period.
enormous/tremendous/immense popularity
the enormous popularity of Coca-Cola
widespread/wide popularity (=with a lot of people, or in many places)
Astrology enjoyed widespread popularity.
growing/increasing/rising popularity
This may be the key to explaining Celtic music’s increasing popularity.
continuing/enduring popularity
Today, the novel enjoys enduring popularity and ranks among the USA’s top-selling books.
personal popularity
While these changes were controversial, his personal popularity remained high.
political popularity
The sagging economy has seriously damaged his political popularity.
POPULARITY + NOUN
a popularity contest (=competition to find who the most popular person is)
All election campaigns are popularity contests to some degree.
a popularity poll (=survey to find how popular someone is)
In most popularity polls, he is in fourth or fifth place.
somebody’s popularity rating (=how popular someone is according to a poll)
His popularity rating dropped quite dramatically after the events of last year.
Popularize (v)
pop‧u‧lar‧ize (also popularise British English) /ˈpɒpjələraɪz $ ˈpɑː-/ verb [transitive]
1 to make something well known and liked
Bob Marley popularized reggae music in the 1970s.
2 to make a difficult subject or idea able to be easily understood by ordinary people who have no special knowledge about it
Skinner was the psychologist who popularized behavior modification.
—popularization /ˌpɒpjələraɪˈzeɪʃən $ ˌpɑːpjələrə-/ noun [uncountable]
→ See Verb table
Sponsorship (n.)
spon‧sor‧ship /ˈspɒnsəʃɪp $ ˈspɑːnsər-/ ●○○ noun
1 [plural, uncountable] financial support for an activity or event
sponsorship from
The expedition is looking for sponsorship from one of the major banks.
a $5 million sponsorship deal
commercial sponsorships
2 [uncountable] the act of sponsoring someone or something, or of being sponsored
sponsorship of
private sector sponsorship of sport
Volley
Shoot
1 a large number of bullets, rocks etc shot or thrown through the air at the same time
volley of
a volley of bullets
2 a lot of questions, insults, attacks etc that are all said or made at the same time
volley of
a volley of abuse
3 a hit in tennis, a kick in football etc when the player hits or kicks the ball before it touches the ground
Within
preposition, adverb
1
a) before a certain period of time has passed
We should have the test results back within 24 hours.
He fell sick and died within a matter of weeks.
Within an hour of our arrival Caroline was starting to complain.
b) during a certain period of time
the enormous success of televised sport within the last twenty years
Within the space of a year, three of the town’s factories have closed down.
2 less than a certain distance from a particular place
The invading troops came within 50 miles of Paris.
Within a five mile radius of Ollerton there are several pubs and restaurants.
We live within easy reach of (=close to) the shops.
Adjust the driver’s seat so that all the controls are within reach (=close enough to touch).
within sight/earshot (of something) (=close enough to see or hear)
As she came within sight of the house, she saw two men getting out of a car.
3 inside a particular building or area OPP outside
Prisoners who died were buried within the walls of the prison.
public footpaths within the national park
The rooms within were richly furnished.
apply/enquire within (=used on notices on the outside of buildings)
Baby rabbits for sale. Enquire within.
4 inside a society, organization, or group of people OPP outside
There have been a lot of changes within the department since I joined.
an attempt to reform the system from within
5 if something stays within a particular limit or set of rules, it does not go beyond that limit
We have to operate within a very tight budget.
Security firms have to work strictly within the law.
You can go anywhere you want within reason (=within reasonable limits).
6 literary or formal inside a person’s body or mind OPP outside
Elaine felt a pain deep within her.
I’m feeling more relaxed within myself.
Tournament
ˈtʊənəmənt, ˈtɔː- $ ˈtɜːr-, ˈtʊr-/ ●●○ noun [countable]
1 a competition in which players compete against each other in a series of games until there is one winner
I feel I can win this tournament.
tennis/chess/badminton etc tournament
2 a competition to show courage and fighting skill between soldiers in the Middle Ages
