65- The Natural World

Question 1

Scenery (UN)

Answer 1

Landscape
View

COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + SCENERY

beautiful/lovely
The scenery was beautiful and the people were really friendly.

stunning (=very beautiful)
We drove through some stunning scenery.

spectacular/magnificent/wonderful etc (=very impressive)
Tourists come for the winter sports and the spectacular scenery.

dramatic (=unusual and impressive)
Discover the dramatic scenery of the Yorkshire Dales on a guided walk.

breathtaking (=very beautiful and impressive)
The scenery is breathtaking, a unique combination of mountains, valleys, and lakes.

mountain scenery
This fascinating village is surrounded by magnificent mountain scenery.

coastal scenery
The walk takes in some of Britain’s most breathtaking coastal scenery.

VERBS
admire the scenery
We stopped to admire the scenery.
enjoy/take in the scenery (=spend time looking at beautiful scenery)
Relax with a glass of local wine while you take in the beautiful scenery.

Question 2

Spectacular

Answer 2

Stunning
Attractive

Question 3

Unique view

Answer 3

unusually good and special

This is a unique opportunity to study these rare creatures.

Grammar
People sometimes use ‘very’ with unique in this meaning, but this use is often considered to be incorrect.

2 being the only one of its kind
Each person’s fingerprints are unique.

Question 4

Eye catching view

Answer 4

something eye-catching is unusual or attractive in a way that makes you notice it
an eye-catching design

Question 5

Breathtaking view

Answer 5

very impressive, exciting, or surprising
The view from my bedroom window was absolutely breathtaking.
an act of breathtaking arrogance

Question 6

Stunning view

Answer 6

1 extremely attractive or beautiful
You look absolutely stunning in that dress.
a stunning view
► see thesaurus at beautiful
2 very surprising or shocking SYN staggering
stunning news

Question 7

Sandy / rocky / sun-drenched / secluded Beach

Answer 7

a sun-drenched place is one where the sun shines most of the time – used especially in advertisements, magazines etc

Secluded = very private and quiet
secluded garden/spot/beach etc

Question 8

Deep/ shallow/ long/ fast-flowing/ slow moving/ narrow/ roaring River

Answer 8

Roaring => 1 [only before noun] making a deep, very loud, continuous noise

Question 9

Snowy/ snow covered/ rough/ high/ towering/ jagged/ Rocky Mountains

Answer 9

Rough =>. 1 NOT SMOOTH having an uneven surface OPP smooth
Jagged => having a rough or pointed edge or surface

Question 10

Thick/ thin/ sparse Rainforest

Answer 10

Sparse => existing only in small amounts

Question 11

Extinct/ active/ dormant Volcano

Answer 11

an extinct volcano does not erupt anymore OPP active

Question 12

Chamomile

Answer 12

گل بابونه

a plant with small white and yellow flowers that are sometimes used to make tea

Question 13

A panoramic view

Answer 13

Very wide
360 view

Question 14

To be a feast for all the senses

Answer 14

To be acceptable and pleasing for all age group

Question 15

Picturesque (adj)

Answer 15

So beautiful just like a picture

1 a picturesque place is pretty and interesting in an old-fashioned way
a quiet fishing village with a picturesque harbour

2 picturesque language uses unusual, interesting, or sometimes rude words to describe something
a picturesque account of his trip to New York

Question 16

Get away from it all

Answer 16

Be relaxed and forget about your busy schedule

Question 17

Main pastime

Answer 17

The most popular activity

something that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting → hobby
Reading was her favourite pastime.

Question 18

Cliff

Answer 18

cliff /klɪf/ ●●○ noun [countable]

تخته سنگ ، صخره
a large area of rock or a mountain with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
high/low
The cliffs here are the highest in Britain.
steep (=sloping at a high angle)
The cliffs were steep and dangerous.
a sheer/vertical cliff (=straight up and down rather than sloping)
Sheer cliffs defend the island.
a sea cliff
The birds breed mainly on sea cliffs and in sea caves.
a coastal cliff
Here the coastal cliffs are low, jutting out into the sea.
a rocky cliff
The forest stops where a rocky cliff falls to a saltwater lagoon.
a craggy/jagged cliff (=with a lot of sharp rocks)
This is an area of spectacular gorges and jagged cliffs.
a rugged cliff (=rough and uneven)
Huge Atlantic waves were breaking against the rugged cliffs.
a towering cliff (=very high)
the towering cliffs of Gibraltar
chalk/limestone/granite cliffs
White chalk cliffs rose up from the sea.
CLIFF + NOUN
a cliff face (=a steep surface or side of a cliff)
Some climbers were scrambling up the steep cliff face.
a cliff edge
Keep away from the cliff edge.
a cliff top
There was a lovely view from the cliff top.
a cliff ledge (=a flat narrow piece that sticks out from a cliff)
Some of the goats were even grazing on the cliff ledges.
a cliff path
I followed the cliff path down to the bay.
a cliff walk (=a walk along cliffs)
Shall we do the cliff walk this morning?
PHRASES
be perched (high) on a cliff (=be situated on a cliff)
An 11th century castle is perched high on the cliff.

Question 19

Coast

Answer 19

1 [countable] the area where the land meets the sea → coastal
coast of
the west coast of Africa
We drove along the Pacific coast to Seattle.
on the coast
I used to live in a small village on the coast (=on the land near the sea).
off the coast
a small island off the coast (=in the sea near the land) of Scotland
the first European to cross Africa coast to coast
a deserted stretch of coast
2 → the coast is clear
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + COAST
rocky
the rocky coast of Maine
rugged (=rough and uneven)
There are sandy beaches in the west and a rugged coast in the east.
the east/west/north/south coast
We stayed on the south coast of the island.
the Atlantic/Pacific/Mediterranean etc coast
the Mediterranean coast of Spain
COAST + NOUN
a coast road
In summer the coast road is very crowded.
a coast path
There were wonderful sea views from the coast path.
the coast route (=the way that follows the coast)
I’d prefer to take the coast route.
VERBS
follow the coast (=stay close to the coast)
The path follows the coast.
hug the coast (=follow it very closely)
A small railway hugs the coast.
PHRASES
a stretch of coast (=a long area of coast)
The 13th century chapel lies on a spectacular stretch of coast.
THESAURUS
coast noun [countable] the part of a country that is close to the sea
The hurricane struck Florida’s coast.
St Andrew’s is on the east coast of Scotland.
shore noun [countable, uncountable] the land along the edge of the sea or along the edge of a lake
The children managed to swim to shore but their father was swept out to sea.
Vevey is a pretty town on the shores of Lake Geneva.
the seashore the land along the edge of the sea, especially where there is sand and rocks
Waves were crashing onto the seashore.
coastline noun [countable] the edge of the land next to the sea – used especially about a long length of land or the shape it makes, for example as seen from the air
The road follows the rugged coastline of northern France for nearly 100 miles.
Environmentalists are concerned about possible damage to some of the most beautiful stretches of Welsh coastline.
seaboard noun [countable] the part of a country that is close to the sea. Used mainly about very large countries such as the US or Australia: western/eastern etc seaboard
Australia’s eastern seaboard
| Atlantic/Pacific etc seaboard
the Atlantic seaboard of the US
the seaside British English a place at the edge of the sea where people go for a holiday
The children love going to the seaside.
by the sea British English, by the ocean American English on land next to the sea
We bought a small cottage by the sea.
He always walks by the ocean in the early morning.

Question 20

Beach

Answer 20

beach1 /biːtʃ/ ●●● S2 W2 noun [countable]
an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake
There is a beautiful sandy beach.
It’s a nice day for going to the beach.
We walked along the beach.
Our hotel was right next to the beach.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + BEACH
crowded
In the summer the beaches get very crowded.
quiet (=with few people on it)
The beaches on this side of the island are quieter.
deserted/empty (=with no one on it)
We took a boat to a deserted beach.
a sandy beach
Corfu is known for its sandy beaches.
a shingle/pebble/pebbly beach (=covered with very small stones)
Both resorts have small shingle beaches.
a rocky beach (=with large rocks on it)
They anchored the boat off a rocky beach.
a long beach
All around the coast of Lanzarote are long beaches of golden sand.
a white/golden beach
The house was beside a dazzling white beach.
a private beach (=owned by someone, so you need permission to use it)
The hotel has its own private beach.
a public beach (=for everyone to use)
The public beaches were very dirty.
VERBS
lie on the beach
I find it boring just lying on the beach all day.
go to the beach
They’ve gone to the beach for the weekend.
walk on/along the beach
She loved to walk along the beach in the early morning.
BEACH + NOUN
a beach holiday British English (=a holiday spent mainly at the beach)
She loves beach holidays, while he prefers city breaks.
a beach resort
This is one of the most popular beach resorts in Greece.
a beach hut (=a small building on the beach for storing things such as swimming or sports equipment)
a row of brightly painted beach huts
a beach bar/restaurant (=on the beach)
We watched the sun go down from the beach bar.
a beach towel
They spread out beach towels and opened parasols.
beach volleyball/football (=played on the beach)
Who wants a game of beach volleyball?
GRAMMAR: Patterns with beachon the beach
• You use on the beach when thinking of the beach as a surface:
I just wanted to lie on the beach and read a book.
We played volleyball on the beach.
✗Don’t say: in the beach
at the beach
• You use at the beach when thinking of the beach as a place:
The kids are at the beach.
We spent the day at the beach.
You can go swimming at the beach.
There is a café at the beach.
✗Don’t say: in the beach