70 Flashcards
Flow (v) (n)
1 LIQUID/GAS/ELECTRICITY when a liquid, gas, or electricity flows, it moves in a steady continuous stream
flow over/down/through etc
These gates regulate the amount of water flowing into the canal.
If the windows are shut, air cannot flow freely through the building.
2 GOODS/PEOPLE/INFORMATION [always + adverb/preposition] if goods, people, or information flow from one place to another, they move there in large numbers or amounts SYN pour, flood
Money has been flowing into the country from Western aid agencies.
The number of refugees flowing into the area is still increasing.
3 TRAFFIC if traffic flows, it moves easily from one place to another
The new one-way system should help the traffic to flow better.
4 ALCOHOL if alcohol flows at a party, people drink a lot and there is a lot available
Beer and whisky flowed freely as the evening wore on.
5 WORDS/IDEAS if conversation or ideas flow, people talk or have ideas steadily and continuously, without anything stopping or interrupting them
Everyone was relaxed and the conversation flowed freely.
6 SEA when the sea flows, it moves towards the land
We watched the tide ebb and flow.
7 FEELINGS if a feeling flows through you or over you, you feel it strongly
flow through/over
She felt hot rage flowing through her.
8 CLOTHES/HAIR if clothing or hair flows, it falls or hangs loosely and gracefully
Her long hair flowed down her back.
9 → flow from something
THESAURUS
flow if liquid flows, it moves in a steady continuous stream
Blood flowed from his hand.
The river flows very quickly at this point.
run to flow – used when saying that something flows in a particular direction
Water was running down the walls of the room.
Sweat ran off his nose.
The river runs into the sea.
come out to flow out of something
You couldn’t drink any of the water that came out of the tap.
pour to flow in large quantities
The rain poured down.
Blood was pouring from a wound on his head.
gush to flow out quickly in very large quantities
Water was gushing out at more than 3000 gallons a minute.
spurt to flow out suddenly with a lot of force
Oil was spurting from a small hole in the pipe.
trickle to flow slowly in drops or in a thin stream
Clare felt sweat trickling down the back of her neck.
leak to flow in or out through a small hole or crack, usually when this is not meant to happen
Oil was leaking from the engine.
ooze to flow from something very slowly – used about blood or a thick liquid
Blood was oozing from the wound.
Jam oozed out as she bit into the cake.
drip to fall in drops
Water dripped from the tap continuously.
cascade to flow down the side of something in large amounts
Water cascades down the hillside.
Narrow
1 NOT WIDE measuring only a small distance from one side to the other, especially in relation to the length OPP wide → broad
narrow street/road/path etc
a long narrow road
the narrow passage between the cottage and the house
his narrow bed
The stairs were very narrow.
a long, narrow band of cloud
2 → narrow escape
3 → narrow victory/defeat/majority/margin etc
4 IDEAS/ATTITUDES a narrow attitude or way of looking at a situation is too limited and does not consider enough possibilities OPP broad
You’ve got a very narrow view of life.
Some teachers have a narrow vision of what art is.
→ narrow-minded
5 → narrow sense/definition
6 LIMITED limited in range or number of things OPP broad
The company offered only a narrow range of financial services.
Shallow
1 measuring only a short distance from the top to the bottom OPP deep
a shallow river
The lake is quite shallow.
the shallow end of the pool
Place the meat in a shallow dish.
2 not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters – used to show disapproval
a shallow argument
A river can Burst its banks
قطع شدن، ترکیدن، از هم پاشیدن، شکفتن، منفجر شدن
Burst:
1 BREAK OPEN [intransitive, transitive] if something bursts, or if you burst it, it breaks open or apart suddenly and violently so that its contents come out
The pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of water.
► see thesaurus at break, explode
2 → be bursting with something
3 MOVE SUDDENLY [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to move somewhere suddenly or quickly, especially into or out of a place
burst into/through/in etc
Jo burst into the room.
Banks:
2 RIVER/LAKE land along the side of a river or lake
bank of
the banks of the River Dee
the river bank
The river dried up
2 RIVER/LAKE ETC if something such as a river dries up, the water in it disappears
Across central and west Texas, waterholes and wells have dried up.
dry something ↔ up
Taking too much water for household use is drying up the river.
Flood
1 COVER WITH WATER [intransitive, transitive] to cover a place with water, or to become covered with water
Towns and cities all over the country have been flooded.
The houses down by the river flood quite regularly.
2 RIVER [intransitive, transitive] if a river floods, it is too full, and spreads water over the land around it
There are now fears that the river could flood.
3 GO/ARRIVE IN LARGE NUMBERS [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers SYN pour, flow
Refugees are still flooding across the border.
Donations have been flooding in since we launched the appeal.
4 → flood something with something
5 → be flooded with something
6 → flood the market
7 LIGHT [intransitive, transitive] if light floods a place or floods into it, it makes it very light and bright
flood into
Light flooded into the kitchen.
flood something with something
The morning sun flooded the room with a gentle light.
8 FEELING [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] if a feeling or memory floods over you or floods back, you feel or remember it very strongly
flood over/back
I felt happiness and relief flooding over me.
Memories of my time in Paris flooded back.
9 ENGINE [intransitive, transitive] if an engine floods or if you flood it, it has too much petrol in it, so that it will not start
Stream
1 SMALL RIVER a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river → downstream, upstream
2 CONTINUOUS SERIES a long and almost continuous series of events, people, objects etc
stream of
a stream of traffic
a stream of abuse
steady/constant/endless etc stream
A steady stream of visitors came to the house.
3 AIR/WATER a flow of water, air, smoke etc, or the direction in which it is flowing
A stream of cold air rushed through the open door.
→ Gulf Stream, jet stream
4 → come on stream
5 SCHOOL British English a level of ability within a group of students of the same age
Kim’s in the top stream.
Pond
a small area of fresh water that is smaller than a lake, that is either natural or artificially made
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + POND
a garden pond British English
How can I attract wildlife to my garden pond?
an ornamental pond (=a pond made to look pretty, rather than a natural one)
They are ideal fish for the ornamental pond.
a fish pond
a duck pond
a lily pond (=one with water lilies)
the village pond
They were sitting in the shade of a tree beside the village pond.
POND + NOUN
pond life (=things that live in ponds)
The children are studying pond life this term.
a pond plant
pond water
Puddle
a small pool of liquid, especially rainwater
Children splashed through the puddles.
puddle of
He had fallen asleep, his head resting in a puddle of beer.
A tide comes in (high tide) and goes out (low tide) twice a day
the regular rising and falling of the level of the sea
the tide is in/out (=the sea is at a high/low level)
Is the tide going out or coming in?
We went for a walk and got cut off by the tide.
high ˈtide noun
1 [countable, uncountable] the point or time at which the sea reaches its highest level OPP low tide
High tide is at seven in the morning.
at high tide
The waves became much more powerful at high tide.
2 [singular] the time when something is at its best or most successful
the high tide in the party’s fortunes
ˌlow ˈtide noun [countable, uncountable]
the time when sea water is at its lowest level OPP high tide
You can walk across to the island at low tide.
Boats float on the surface of the water
float1 /fləʊt $ floʊt/ ●●● S3 W2 verb
1 ON WATER
a) [intransitive] to stay or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking
I wasn’t sure if the raft would float.
She spent the afternoon floating on her back in the pool.
float along/down/past etc
A couple of broken branches floated past us.
b) [transitive] to put something on the surface of a liquid so that it does not sink
The logs are trimmed and then floated down the river.
2 IN THE AIR [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if something floats, it moves slowly through the air or stays up in the air
I looked up at the clouds floating in the sky.
Leaves floated gently down from the trees.
3 MUSIC/SOUNDS/SMELLS ETC [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if sounds or smells float somewhere, people in another place can hear or smell them
The sound of her voice came floating down from an upstairs window.
4 WALK GRACEFULLY [intransitive] to walk in a slow light graceful way SYN glide
Rachel floated around the bedroom in a lace nightgown.
5 IDEAS [transitive] to suggest an idea or plan in order to see if people like it
We first floated the idea back in 1992.
6 MONEY [transitive] technical if the government of a country floats its money, the value of the money is allowed to change freely in relation to money from other countries
Russia decided to float the rouble on the foreign exchange market.
7 COMPANY [transitive] to sell shares in a company or business to the public for the first time
float something on something
The company will be floated on the stock market next year.
→ flotation(1)
8 CHEQUE [transitive] American English to write a cheque when you do not have enough money in the bank to pay it
In bad weather, a boat can capsize and sink.
if a boat capsizes, or if you capsize it, it turns over in the water
/sʌŋk/ American English, past participle sunk /sʌŋk/)
1 IN WATER [intransitive] to go down below the surface of water, mud etc OPP float
Their motorboat struck a rock and began to sink.
The kids watched as the coin sank to the bottom of the pool.
The heavy guns sank up to their barrels in the mud.
2 BOAT [transitive] to damage a ship so badly that it sinks
A luxury yacht was sunk in a bomb attack yesterday.
3 MOVE LOWER [intransitive] to move downwards to a lower level
The sun was sinking behind the coconut palms.
Her chin sank onto her chest, and she looked despairing.
4 FALL/SIT DOWN [intransitive] to fall down or sit down heavily, especially because you are very tired and weak
sink into/to/down/back etc
She let out a groan and sank into a chair.
He let go of her shoulders and she sank at once to the floor.
Marion sank down on a rock, and wept.
The minister sank to his knees (=he went down into a kneeling position) and prayed.
5 GET WORSE [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to gradually get into a worse condition
sink into
They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty.
The good mood left me and I sank into depression.
The doctor said that the boy was sinking fast (=getting weaker and about to die).
6 → your heart sinks
7 LOWER AMOUNT/VALUE [intransitive] to go down in amount or value SYN drop OPP rise
Shares in the company have sunk as low as 620p.
sink to
The population of the village sank to just a few families.
8 VOICE [intransitive] written if your voice sinks, it becomes very quiet
sink to/into
Her voice sank to a whisper.
9 → sinking feeling
10 → be sunk
11 → sink without trace
12 → sink so low
13 USE SOMETHING SHARP [transitive] to put your teeth or something sharp into someone’s flesh, into food etc
sink something into something
The dog sank its teeth into my arm.
She sank her fork into the pie.
14 DIG INTO GROUND [transitive] if you sink something such as a well or part of a building, you dig a hole to put it into the ground
A well was sunk in the back garden, and water could be pumped up into the kitchen.
15 → sink or swim
16 MONEY [transitive] to spend a lot of money on something
sink something in/into something
They sank their entire savings into their house.
17 BALL [transitive] to put a ball into a hole or basket in games such as golf or basketball
18 → sink your differences
19 DRINK [transitive] British English informal to drink alcohol, especially in large quantities
We sank a few pints at the pub first.
People on the capsized boat may be trapped underwater and may drown
Trap:
3 BAD SITUATION an unpleasant or difficult situation that is difficult to escape from
Amanda felt that marriage was a trap.
debt/unemployment etc trap
people caught in the unemployment trap
Drown:
1 [intransitive, transitive] to die from being under water for too long, or to kill someone in this way
Many people drowned when the boat overturned.
Jane was drowned in the river.
drown yourself
Depressed, Peter tried to drown himself.
2 (also drown out) [transitive] if a loud noise drowns out another sound, it prevents it from being heard
A train blew its whistle and drowned his voice.
The noise of the battle was drowned out by his aircraft’s engine.
3 [transitive] to cover something, especially food, with more liquid than is necessary or nice
drown something in something
The fish was drowned in a rich sauce.
4 [intransitive, transitive] to have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is difficult to deal with
drown in
Relief agencies are drowning in frustration.
The country is drowning in debt.
Pebble
small smooth stone found especially on a beach or on the bottom of a river
The beach was covered with smooth white pebbles.
Shore
(قسمتی از کنار دریا که مرتباً تحت تأثیر جزرومد و / یا امواج است) کنار دریا/دریاچه، لب (دریا/دریاچه)، کرانه
1 [countable, uncountable] the land along the edge of a large area of water such as an ocean or lake
We could see a boat about a mile from shore.
Only a few survivors reached the shore.
She began to swim to shore.
on the shores of something
a holiday resort on the shores of the Adriatic
on shore
We had a couple of hours on shore (=not on a ship).
off shore
The island is about three miles off shore (=away from the coast).
rocky/sandy shore
2 → these/British/our etc shores
→ ashore, offshore, onshore
THESAURUS
shore the area of sand, mud, or low land along the edge of the sea, a lake etc
I went down to the shore to meet him.
The fish is commonly found off the shores of Australia.
They had planned to take a picnic on the shores of Lake Havel.
coast the land next to the sea
He lives on the Sussex coast.
one of the most luxurious hotels on the south coast
the Draugen oil field, off the West coast of Norway
the East Coast of the United States
beach an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea
Let’s go to the beach.
Brighton beach
the seashore the land at the edge of the sea, consisting of sand or rocks
He walked with her along the seashore.
You can hear the waves breaking on the seashore.
the seaside British English the areas or towns next to the sea where people go to enjoy themselves
We went on day trips to the seaside.
Oh I do love to be beside the seaside (=a line from a well-known song).
a seaside town
a seaside resort
bank the land along the side of a river
a journey along the banks of the River Ganges
He swam over to the other bank.
The river burst its banks.
the waterfront the part of a town or an area of land next to the sea, a river etc – used especially when talking about buildings near the water
The restaurant is down on the waterfront.
a waterfront bar in Montreal called The Neptune
the waterside (also the lakeside, the riverside) the area at the edge of a lake, river etc
The mountains almost come down to the waterside.
a rented villa on the lakeside
A number of barges were hidden in the trees along the riverside.
beautiful riverside views
