9.2 green criminology and the urban

Question 1

cities contribute how much carbon dioxide equivalent emissions

Answer 1

75%

Question 2

urban land is predicted to do what globally between 2015-2050

Answer 2

triple

Question 3

urbanisation is one of the primary drivers of what?

Answer 3

habit and biodiversity loss

Question 4

what is leading to population shifts from rural to urban areas

Answer 4

climate migration

Question 5

what 3 potential contrbiutions of a green perspective

Answer 5

• radical perspectives
• new perspectives - corporate/ white collar crime
• eco-city models

Question 6

what do radical perspectives on harms in city emphasise in criminological studies

Answer 6

highlight previously ignored insecurities as criminological problems such as environmental justice

Question 7

how do new perspectives in criminology approach organised, corporate and white collar crime in urban settings

Answer 7

by examining the unique dynamics and impacts of these types of crimes within urban environments

Question 8

what approach do ecocity models use to address urban crime

Answer 8

apply ecological analysis to address both green and normal crimes associated with urban settings

Question 9

how is urbanisation viewed as a crime of the economy according to ruggerio and south 2013

seen as a key driver of…

Answer 9

it is seen as a key driver of uncontrolled growth and capitalist development associated with exploitation and degradation of the earths resources

Question 10

who are disproportionately affected by pollution and environmental degradation in urban areas

Answer 10

urban populations in general and within those populations already disadvantaged groups are disproportionately victimsed by environmental harms

Question 11

how does the prevalence of environmental violence compare to traditional measures of inter-personal violence according to lynch 2013

Answer 11

environmental violence has a high prevalence compared to traditional measures of inter-personal violence

Question 12

what can criminological insights contriubte to addrrssing environmental harms

Answer 12

can contribute to knowledge about
- policing
- enforcement
- prevention
- deterrence
- new models of regulation
to address environmental harms that have traditioanlly not received attention or resources

Question 13

what crime does ruggeria and south 2010 speak about

Answer 13

dirty collar crime

Question 14

what is dirty collar crime by ryggerio and south 2010 case study about

Answer 14

it shows that waste disposal has become highly profitable business, attracting both legal and illegal enterprises, partly due to increased environmental awareness

Question 15

what is dirty collar crime

Answer 15

it is the PATTERN of SYSTEMIC CORRUPTION of local officals and the circumvention of existing regulations related to waste management

Question 16

how do corrupt procedures, incompetent public administrations, criminal enterprises and corpirate profit seeking overlap in waste management

Answer 16

create a complex network where waste dumping is CONTRACTED OUT to crminal groups by legitimate actors, leading to crime by proxy

Question 17

what is crime by proxy

Answer 17

it refers to the practice where waste dumping is OUTSOURCED to criminal groups by supposedly legitimate actors

Question 18

what are criminal partnerships in waste management

Answer 18

collaborations where public officals, entrepreneurs and organsied criminals work together on equal footing

Question 19

how do criminal techniques migrate between legal and illegal groups in waste management

Answer 19

techniques used by criminals can influence legal groups anf vice versa, creating a fluid exchange of methods and practices

Question 20

how have green criminologicla perspecitves contriubted to our understanding of watse management

Answer 20

provided significant insights into systemic coruption, criminal partnerships and broader impact of these crimes on society and environment

Question 21

what does social disorganisation and collective efficacy themes for ecology urban crime ental

Answer 21

• high mobility and resident turnover
  -lack of stable community structures and institutions
• lack of social captial
• lack of mutual trust
• poor informal social controls

Question 22

what do opporuntity theories entail (RTA)

Answer 22

• motivated offenders
• suitable target
  -lack of capable guardians

Question 23

what does broken windows and signal crime perspectives entail

Answer 23

incivilities send powerful social control signals to residents which shape their sense of risk

Question 24

what principles of ecocity design

Answer 24

• reorganised living spaces
• integrated sustainable trasnport
• localised production and employment
• social justice
• localised control and governance
• increase emphasis on renewable energy sources

Question 25

what are 3 reneweable energy resources

Answer 25

• solar
• wind
• hydropower

Question 26

how do ecocities compare to traditioanl cities in terms of environmental harms and injustices

Answer 26

eco cities generate fewer environmental harms and injustices associated wirh taditional cities

Question 27

what are broader environmental benefits of eco cities

Answer 27

reduced impact on
- climate change
- loss of habitat
- biodiversity
- pollution

Question 28

how do eco cities impact environmental victimisation within urban settings

Answer 28

reduce speciifc environmental victimisation of groups within urban settings

Question 29

how do eco cities affect collecitve effiacy

Answer 29

potential to increase collective efffiacy

Question 30

what is the effect of increased social captial in eco cities

Answer 30

gives people a greater stake in their neighbourhoods

Question 31

how do eco cities enhance informal social control

Answer 31

by increasing vitality of public spaces leading to enhanced informal social control

Question 32

why are eco cities more suited to effective community policing

Answer 32

foster integrated community policing due to their design and social structure

Question 33

how do eco cities contribute to social and ethnic integration

Answer 33

create more socially and ethnically integrated areas reducing communtiy tensions

Question 34

what is the postscript

Answer 34

the 15 minute city