9.2 green criminology and the urban Flashcards
cities contribute how much carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
75%
urban land is predicted to do what globally between 2015-2050
triple
urbanisation is one of the primary drivers of what?
habit and biodiversity loss
what is leading to population shifts from rural to urban areas
climate migration
what 3 potential contrbiutions of a green perspective
- radical perspectives
- new perspectives - corporate/ white collar crime
- eco-city models
what do radical perspectives on harms in city emphasise in criminological studies
highlight previously ignored insecurities as criminological problems such as environmental justice
how do new perspectives in criminology approach organised, corporate and white collar crime in urban settings
by examining the unique dynamics and impacts of these types of crimes within urban environments
what approach do ecocity models use to address urban crime
apply ecological analysis to address both green and normal crimes associated with urban settings
how is urbanisation viewed as a crime of the economy according to ruggerio and south 2013
seen as a key driver of…
it is seen as a key driver of uncontrolled growth and capitalist development associated with exploitation and degradation of the earths resources
who are disproportionately affected by pollution and environmental degradation in urban areas
urban populations in general and within those populations already disadvantaged groups are disproportionately victimsed by environmental harms
how does the prevalence of environmental violence compare to traditional measures of inter-personal violence according to lynch 2013
environmental violence has a high prevalence compared to traditional measures of inter-personal violence
what can criminological insights contriubte to addrrssing environmental harms
can contribute to knowledge about
- policing
- enforcement
- prevention
- deterrence
- new models of regulation
to address environmental harms that have traditioanlly not received attention or resources
what crime does ruggeria and south 2010 speak about
dirty collar crime
what is dirty collar crime by ryggerio and south 2010 case study about
it shows that waste disposal has become highly profitable business, attracting both legal and illegal enterprises, partly due to increased environmental awareness
what is dirty collar crime
it is the PATTERN of SYSTEMIC CORRUPTION of local officals and the circumvention of existing regulations related to waste management
how do corrupt procedures, incompetent public administrations, criminal enterprises and corpirate profit seeking overlap in waste management
create a complex network where waste dumping is CONTRACTED OUT to crminal groups by legitimate actors, leading to crime by proxy
what is crime by proxy
it refers to the practice where waste dumping is OUTSOURCED to criminal groups by supposedly legitimate actors
what are criminal partnerships in waste management
collaborations where public officals, entrepreneurs and organsied criminals work together on equal footing
how do criminal techniques migrate between legal and illegal groups in waste management
techniques used by criminals can influence legal groups anf vice versa, creating a fluid exchange of methods and practices
how have green criminologicla perspecitves contriubted to our understanding of watse management
provided significant insights into systemic coruption, criminal partnerships and broader impact of these crimes on society and environment
what does social disorganisation and collective efficacy themes for ecology urban crime ental
- high mobility and resident turnover
-lack of stable community structures and institutions - lack of social captial
- lack of mutual trust
- poor informal social controls
what do opporuntity theories entail (RTA)
- motivated offenders
- suitable target
-lack of capable guardians
what does broken windows and signal crime perspectives entail
incivilities send powerful social control signals to residents which shape their sense of risk
what principles of ecocity design
- reorganised living spaces
- integrated sustainable trasnport
- localised production and employment
- social justice
- localised control and governance
- increase emphasis on renewable energy sources
what are 3 reneweable energy resources
- solar
- wind
- hydropower
how do ecocities compare to traditioanl cities in terms of environmental harms and injustices
eco cities generate fewer environmental harms and injustices associated wirh taditional cities
what are broader environmental benefits of eco cities
reduced impact on
- climate change
- loss of habitat
- biodiversity
- pollution
how do eco cities impact environmental victimisation within urban settings
reduce speciifc environmental victimisation of groups within urban settings
how do eco cities affect collecitve effiacy
potential to increase collective efffiacy
what is the effect of increased social captial in eco cities
gives people a greater stake in their neighbourhoods
how do eco cities enhance informal social control
by increasing vitality of public spaces leading to enhanced informal social control
why are eco cities more suited to effective community policing
foster integrated community policing due to their design and social structure
how do eco cities contribute to social and ethnic integration
create more socially and ethnically integrated areas reducing communtiy tensions
what is the postscript
the 15 minute city
