Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

crime, security and justice in the city > 2.3 adult criminal collaborations > Flashcards

2.3 adult criminal collaborations Flashcards

1
Q

what does the impact of professioanl crime for adult criminal collaborations enable

A
  • enabling long firm frauds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the impact of …. on the underworld of london + other cities in transition for expanding markets in drugs and vice

A

impact of deindustrialisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is impact of globalisation in stoking fears of

A

transnational organsied crime
alter scope + dynamics of opportunties for ACC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does greater mobility and inter-generational qualities of contemproary CC facilitated by digital communications and epitomised fears about what

A

county lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are county lines

A

policy construct of mobile telecommunciation lines used to extend supply of narcotics outwards to new markets in smaller towns/ rurual areas using indentured adolescents to transport narcotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what different constructs reflect ontological argumements in urban criminology over importance of adult CC

A
  • professional crime
  • deindustrialisation of the underworld
    -impact of globalisation of transnational organised crime
  • county lines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intergenrational collaboration neighourhood crime grousp transition from what into what

A

transition from territorially-based youthful collaborations into adult acquisitive crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what provides the supply of labour into adult crime groups
and where are they recruited from

A

working class neighbourhoods
recruited from local delinquent subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do violent territorial disputes prove ideal training for

A

extortion and territorial domination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do kray and richardson ffamily crime groups exmplify graduation of neighbourhood crime groups into enduring adult affiliations of professioanl crimes throug process of what

A

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do fraser and hobbs 2017 capture changing conditons in contxt of british cities through refence to concepts of

PC
U
OC

A
  • professioanl crime
  • underworld
  • organised crime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who coined the concept of differential association
why

A

edwin sutherland 1930s

to explain why certian people become drawn into criminality whilst others sharing same social conditions do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the gradutation to associations iwht professional criminals is eptimosed by whos account

A

hobbs 2013 account of ‘the firm’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is ‘the firm’ hobbs 2013

A

soubriquet (nickname) deliberately chosen by adult collabaorations to signify their transition from neighbourhood based rackets to more amititious ventured in illicit markets of NTE or project crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

while horizons of collaborations expanded the control of territory remained

A

central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

expanding horizons of professioanl collaborations epitomised by their involvement in what ?

A

phantom capitalism of LONG FIRM FRAUDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do long firm frauds entail establishment of and what is it

A

apparently legitimate businesses dealing in consumer durables where stock ordered over long period of time to cultuvate trust relations with suppliers
- then long frim fraud would place large order and dissapear without paying supplier to sell stock for greater personal profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why were long firm frauds able to exist

A

because of boom for demand of consumer durables enabled by increases in household disposablw income and flaws in regulation of credit and commercial finance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what race is a key feature shapign adult CC between organisers and preventers of crime (edward and gills 2003)

A

the arms race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is central to arms race creating and structuring criminal market

TI
SOA
CD

A
  • technological innovations
  • strategies of authorities used to deregulate thier use
  • context dependency of CC
21
Q

what is the underworld described by fraser and hobbs 2017

what does this mean

A

a transgressive annex of proletarian indsutrial culture

meaning a realm of adult criminal collaboration that is enabled by the upperworld of legitimate commerce

22
Q

what do digitial financial communicatins create new opportuntiies for criminal collaboration through

A

hacking of online business accounts / phishing households into handing bank account details over

23
Q

what 3 things altered the transition from youthful into adult criminal collaborations of wroking class neighbourhoods

D
D
G

A
  • disruption
  • displacement
  • gentrifiction
24
Q

what emerged to create opportunities fro CC in NTE

A

fluid post industrial economy organsied around services and expanding hospitality sector of bars, restaurants and clubs

25
Q
  • what impact did post cold war have in decreasing
  • what relations did it emphasise and
  • then become
A
  • globalisation which decreased significance of international relations
  • whilst emphasizing TRANSNATIONAL RELATIONS amongst cuty regions
  • which became command centres
26
Q

what impact did transnational organised crime have

A

created an increasing etxernal threat to cities from organsied crime groups trafficking humans and drugs

27
Q

what criticism has transational organsied crime received and where did it emerge from

A

being a chaotic concept
- emerging from public policy proceses rather than social science

28
Q

what did michael woodwiss 2003 call transnational organised crime

A

alien conspiracy theory

29
Q

what were the majoriy of organised crime groups composed of what demographic rather than ethnic folk devils

A

local british citizens

30
Q

what was organised crime invariably used as

A

a collective noun

inhibiting understanding of different problems of crime which could be organsied through crime scripts

31
Q

what theory was no longer plausible to regard cities as self contained ecologiesx disconnected from web ofnational and global relations

A

chicago school theory of the city

32
Q

who came up with the external threat narrative

A

edwards and gill 2003

33
Q

where was there an increase of drug offences

A

provinicial towns - e.g. valleys in south wales

34
Q

where was there a decrease of drug offences

A

consetallation of largest city regions in uk e.g. london,
midlands, manchester

35
Q

what do decreasing rates of drug offences decpit

A

market saturation
need to expand outwards

36
Q

what are the rookeries of principal english city regions extening to provinces through what business model

A

new pernicious illict business model

37
Q

what are adolescents under a thrall of regarding county lines

A

fagin-like adult career criminals

38
Q

what trend is a key driving force behind county lines

A

trends in weaponised violence to command market share for fear of punishment

39
Q

what does the concept of county lines signal

A

the changing scope and dynamics of urban criminology in context of smart cities and emergent technoligies

40
Q

continued salience of criminal categories represents a failure of what

A

wilful blindness to acknowledge historicaly specific changing condiitons in which crime is defined/ accomplished
- because this would be to acknowledge interests and actions of more powerful groups

41
Q

what did stan cohen distinguihs between the three orders of reality in criminology

A
  • the thing itself (crime/ security)
  • speculations about this thing (various competing standpoints)
  • reflections on whole enterprise (relationship between rival speculation sand thing itself)
42
Q

what is meta theory

A

branch of social and political thought that reflects on what social relations actually exist - ontology of social life

43
Q

what 3 things do fraser and hobbs crtiticse of transational organsied crime

A
  • the gang
  • the firm
  • the mob
44
Q

what do hallsworth and young 2008 argue about ontological politics of the gang

A

that a superior speculation is about ‘the street’ and kinds of privation and predation that can be found in streetlife of cities

45
Q

what type of thinking do hallsworth and young 2008 use for the gang
what does this run the risk of imposing

A

arboreal thinking
this runs risk of imposing specious conceptual order on things rather than acknowledging what actually exists

46
Q

what do hallsworth and young contrast arboreal thinking with

A

rhizomatic

47
Q

what is rhizomatic

A

reference to roots of forest and gardens that escape human cultivation and sprout out in directions of their own

48
Q

what is the real ontology/ rhizomatic nature of violent street consequently entail

A

entails the qualitative study of this life in particular contexts

49
Q
A

crime, security and justice in the city (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions