2.3 adult criminal collaborations

Question 1

what does the impact of professioanl crime for adult criminal collaborations enable

Answer 1

• enabling long firm frauds

Question 2

what is the impact of …. on the underworld of london + other cities in transition for expanding markets in drugs and vice

Answer 2

impact of deindustrialisation

Question 3

what is impact of globalisation in stoking fears of

Answer 3

transnational organsied crime
alter scope + dynamics of opportunties for ACC

Question 4

what does greater mobility and inter-generational qualities of contemproary CC facilitated by digital communications and epitomised fears about what

Answer 4

county lines

Question 5

what are county lines

Answer 5

policy construct of mobile telecommunciation lines used to extend supply of narcotics outwards to new markets in smaller towns/ rurual areas using indentured adolescents to transport narcotics

Question 6

what different constructs reflect ontological argumements in urban criminology over importance of adult CC

Answer 6

• professional crime
• deindustrialisation of the underworld
  -impact of globalisation of transnational organised crime
• county lines

Question 7

intergenrational collaboration neighourhood crime grousp transition from what into what

Answer 7

transition from territorially-based youthful collaborations into adult acquisitive crime

Question 8

what provides the supply of labour into adult crime groups
and where are they recruited from

Answer 8

working class neighbourhoods
recruited from local delinquent subculture

Question 9

what do violent territorial disputes prove ideal training for

Answer 9

extortion and territorial domination

Question 10

what do kray and richardson ffamily crime groups exmplify graduation of neighbourhood crime groups into enduring adult affiliations of professioanl crimes throug process of what

Answer 10

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCATION

Question 11

how do fraser and hobbs 2017 capture changing conditons in contxt of british cities through refence to concepts of

PC
U
OC

Answer 11

• professioanl crime
• underworld
• organised crime

Question 12

who coined the concept of differential association
why

Answer 12

edwin sutherland 1930s

to explain why certian people become drawn into criminality whilst others sharing same social conditions do not

Question 13

the gradutation to associations iwht professional criminals is eptimosed by whos account

Answer 13

hobbs 2013 account of ‘the firm’

Question 14

what is ‘the firm’ hobbs 2013

Answer 14

soubriquet (nickname) deliberately chosen by adult collabaorations to signify their transition from neighbourhood based rackets to more amititious ventured in illicit markets of NTE or project crimes

Question 15

while horizons of collaborations expanded the control of territory remained

Answer 15

central

Question 16

expanding horizons of professioanl collaborations epitomised by their involvement in what ?

Answer 16

phantom capitalism of LONG FIRM FRAUDS

Question 17

what do long firm frauds entail establishment of and what is it

Answer 17

apparently legitimate businesses dealing in consumer durables where stock ordered over long period of time to cultuvate trust relations with suppliers
- then long frim fraud would place large order and dissapear without paying supplier to sell stock for greater personal profit

Question 18

why were long firm frauds able to exist

Answer 18

because of boom for demand of consumer durables enabled by increases in household disposablw income and flaws in regulation of credit and commercial finance

Question 19

what race is a key feature shapign adult CC between organisers and preventers of crime (edward and gills 2003)

Answer 19

the arms race

Question 20

what is central to arms race creating and structuring criminal market

TI
SOA
CD

Answer 20

• technological innovations
• strategies of authorities used to deregulate thier use
• context dependency of CC

Question 21

what is the underworld described by fraser and hobbs 2017

what does this mean

Answer 21

a transgressive annex of proletarian indsutrial culture

meaning a realm of adult criminal collaboration that is enabled by the upperworld of legitimate commerce

Question 22

what do digitial financial communicatins create new opportuntiies for criminal collaboration through

Answer 22

hacking of online business accounts / phishing households into handing bank account details over

Question 23

what 3 things altered the transition from youthful into adult criminal collaborations of wroking class neighbourhoods

D
D
G

Answer 23

• disruption
• displacement
• gentrifiction

Question 24

what emerged to create opportunities fro CC in NTE

Answer 24

fluid post industrial economy organsied around services and expanding hospitality sector of bars, restaurants and clubs

Question 25

- what impact did post cold war have in decreasing - what relations did it emphasise and - then become

Answer 25

- globalisation which decreased significance of international relations - whilst emphasizing TRANSNATIONAL RELATIONS amongst cuty regions - which became command centres

Question 26

what impact did transnational organised crime have

Answer 26

created an increasing etxernal threat to cities from organsied crime groups trafficking humans and drugs

Question 27

what criticism has transational organsied crime received and where did it emerge from

Answer 27

being a chaotic concept - emerging from public policy proceses rather than social science

Question 28

what did michael woodwiss 2003 call transnational organised crime

Answer 28

alien conspiracy theory

Question 29

what were the majoriy of organised crime groups composed of what demographic rather than ethnic folk devils

Answer 29

local british citizens

Question 30

what was organised crime invariably used as

Answer 30

a collective noun inhibiting understanding of different problems of crime which could be organsied through crime scripts

Question 31

what theory was no longer plausible to regard cities as self contained ecologiesx disconnected from web ofnational and global relations

Answer 31

chicago school theory of the city

Question 32

who came up with the external threat narrative

Answer 32

edwards and gill 2003

Question 33

where was there an increase of drug offences

Answer 33

provinicial towns - e.g. valleys in south wales

Question 34

where was there a decrease of drug offences

Answer 34

consetallation of largest city regions in uk e.g. london, midlands, manchester

Question 35

what do decreasing rates of drug offences decpit

Answer 35

market saturation need to expand outwards

Question 36

what are the rookeries of principal english city regions extening to provinces through what business model

Answer 36

new pernicious illict business model

Question 37

what are adolescents under a thrall of regarding county lines

Answer 37

fagin-like adult career criminals

Question 38

what trend is a key driving force behind county lines

Answer 38

trends in weaponised violence to command market share for fear of punishment

Question 39

what does the concept of county lines signal

Answer 39

the changing scope and dynamics of urban criminology in context of smart cities and emergent technoligies

Question 40

continued salience of criminal categories represents a failure of what

Answer 40

wilful blindness to acknowledge historicaly specific changing condiitons in which crime is defined/ accomplished - because this would be to acknowledge interests and actions of more powerful groups

Question 41

what did stan cohen distinguihs between the three orders of reality in criminology

Answer 41

- the thing itself (crime/ security) - speculations about this thing (various competing standpoints) - reflections on whole enterprise (relationship between rival speculation sand thing itself)

Question 42

what is meta theory

Answer 42

branch of social and political thought that reflects on what social relations actually exist - ontology of social life

Question 43

what 3 things do fraser and hobbs crtiticse of transational organsied crime

Answer 43

- the gang - the firm - the mob

Question 44

what do hallsworth and young 2008 argue about ontological politics of the gang

Answer 44

that a superior speculation is about 'the street' and kinds of privation and predation that can be found in streetlife of cities

Question 45

what type of thinking do hallsworth and young 2008 use for the gang what does this run the risk of imposing

Answer 45

arboreal thinking this runs risk of imposing specious conceptual order on things rather than acknowledging what actually exists

Question 46

what do hallsworth and young contrast arboreal thinking with

Answer 46

rhizomatic

Question 47

what is rhizomatic

Answer 47

reference to roots of forest and gardens that escape human cultivation and sprout out in directions of their own

Question 48

what is the real ontology/ rhizomatic nature of violent street consequently entail

Answer 48

entails the qualitative study of this life in particular contexts