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crime, security and justice in the city > 2.3 adult criminal collaborations > Flashcards

2.3 adult criminal collaborations Flashcards

1
Q

what does the impact of professioanl crime for adult criminal collaborations enable

A
  • enabling long firm frauds
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2
Q

what is the impact of …. on the underworld of london + other cities in transition for expanding markets in drugs and vice

A

impact of deindustrialisation

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3
Q

what is impact of globalisation in stoking fears of

A

transnational organsied crime
alter scope + dynamics of opportunties for ACC

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4
Q

what does greater mobility and inter-generational qualities of contemproary CC facilitated by digital communications and epitomised fears about what

A

county lines

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5
Q

what are county lines

A

policy construct of mobile telecommunciation lines used to extend supply of narcotics outwards to new markets in smaller towns/ rurual areas using indentured adolescents to transport narcotics

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6
Q

what different constructs reflect ontological argumements in urban criminology over importance of adult CC

A
  • professional crime
  • deindustrialisation of the underworld
    -impact of globalisation of transnational organised crime
  • county lines
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7
Q

intergenrational collaboration neighourhood crime grousp transition from what into what

A

transition from territorially-based youthful collaborations into adult acquisitive crime

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8
Q

what provides the supply of labour into adult crime groups
and where are they recruited from

A

working class neighbourhoods
recruited from local delinquent subculture

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9
Q

what do violent territorial disputes prove ideal training for

A

extortion and territorial domination

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10
Q

what do kray and richardson ffamily crime groups exmplify graduation of neighbourhood crime groups into enduring adult affiliations of professioanl crimes throug process of what

A

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCATION

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11
Q

how do fraser and hobbs 2017 capture changing conditons in contxt of british cities through refence to concepts of

PC
U
OC

A
  • professioanl crime
  • underworld
  • organised crime
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12
Q

who coined the concept of differential association
why

A

edwin sutherland 1930s

to explain why certian people become drawn into criminality whilst others sharing same social conditions do not

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13
Q

the gradutation to associations iwht professional criminals is eptimosed by whos account

A

hobbs 2013 account of ‘the firm’

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14
Q

what is ‘the firm’ hobbs 2013

A

soubriquet (nickname) deliberately chosen by adult collabaorations to signify their transition from neighbourhood based rackets to more amititious ventured in illicit markets of NTE or project crimes

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15
Q

while horizons of collaborations expanded the control of territory remained

A

central

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16
Q

expanding horizons of professioanl collaborations epitomised by their involvement in what ?

A

phantom capitalism of LONG FIRM FRAUDS

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17
Q

what do long firm frauds entail establishment of and what is it

A

apparently legitimate businesses dealing in consumer durables where stock ordered over long period of time to cultuvate trust relations with suppliers
- then long frim fraud would place large order and dissapear without paying supplier to sell stock for greater personal profit

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18
Q

why were long firm frauds able to exist

A

because of boom for demand of consumer durables enabled by increases in household disposablw income and flaws in regulation of credit and commercial finance

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19
Q

what race is a key feature shapign adult CC between organisers and preventers of crime (edward and gills 2003)

A

the arms race

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20
Q

what is central to arms race creating and structuring criminal market

TI
SOA
CD

A
  • technological innovations
  • strategies of authorities used to deregulate thier use
  • context dependency of CC
21
Q

what is the underworld described by fraser and hobbs 2017

what does this mean

A

a transgressive annex of proletarian indsutrial culture

meaning a realm of adult criminal collaboration that is enabled by the upperworld of legitimate commerce

22
Q

what do digitial financial communicatins create new opportuntiies for criminal collaboration through

A

hacking of online business accounts / phishing households into handing bank account details over

23
Q

what 3 things altered the transition from youthful into adult criminal collaborations of wroking class neighbourhoods

D
D
G

A
  • disruption
  • displacement
  • gentrifiction
24
Q

what emerged to create opportunities fro CC in NTE

A

fluid post industrial economy organsied around services and expanding hospitality sector of bars, restaurants and clubs

25
Q
  • what impact did post cold war have in decreasing
  • what relations did it emphasise and
  • then become
A
  • globalisation which decreased significance of international relations
  • whilst emphasizing TRANSNATIONAL RELATIONS amongst cuty regions
  • which became command centres
26
Q

what impact did transnational organised crime have

A

created an increasing etxernal threat to cities from organsied crime groups trafficking humans and drugs

27
Q

what criticism has transational organsied crime received and where did it emerge from

A

being a chaotic concept
- emerging from public policy proceses rather than social science

28
Q

what did michael woodwiss 2003 call transnational organised crime

A

alien conspiracy theory

29
Q

what were the majoriy of organised crime groups composed of what demographic rather than ethnic folk devils

A

local british citizens

30
Q

what was organised crime invariably used as

A

a collective noun

inhibiting understanding of different problems of crime which could be organsied through crime scripts

31
Q

what theory was no longer plausible to regard cities as self contained ecologiesx disconnected from web ofnational and global relations

A

chicago school theory of the city

32
Q

who came up with the external threat narrative

A

edwards and gill 2003

33
Q

where was there an increase of drug offences

A

provinicial towns - e.g. valleys in south wales

34
Q

where was there a decrease of drug offences

A

consetallation of largest city regions in uk e.g. london,
midlands, manchester

35
Q

what do decreasing rates of drug offences decpit

A

market saturation
need to expand outwards

36
Q

what are the rookeries of principal english city regions extening to provinces through what business model

A

new pernicious illict business model

37
Q

what are adolescents under a thrall of regarding county lines

A

fagin-like adult career criminals

38
Q

what trend is a key driving force behind county lines

A

trends in weaponised violence to command market share for fear of punishment

39
Q

what does the concept of county lines signal

A

the changing scope and dynamics of urban criminology in context of smart cities and emergent technoligies

40
Q

continued salience of criminal categories represents a failure of what

A

wilful blindness to acknowledge historicaly specific changing condiitons in which crime is defined/ accomplished
- because this would be to acknowledge interests and actions of more powerful groups

41
Q

what did stan cohen distinguihs between the three orders of reality in criminology

A
  • the thing itself (crime/ security)
  • speculations about this thing (various competing standpoints)
  • reflections on whole enterprise (relationship between rival speculation sand thing itself)
42
Q

what is meta theory

A

branch of social and political thought that reflects on what social relations actually exist - ontology of social life

43
Q

what 3 things do fraser and hobbs crtiticse of transational organsied crime

A
  • the gang
  • the firm
  • the mob
44
Q

what do hallsworth and young 2008 argue about ontological politics of the gang

A

that a superior speculation is about ‘the street’ and kinds of privation and predation that can be found in streetlife of cities

45
Q

what type of thinking do hallsworth and young 2008 use for the gang
what does this run the risk of imposing

A

arboreal thinking
this runs risk of imposing specious conceptual order on things rather than acknowledging what actually exists

46
Q

what do hallsworth and young contrast arboreal thinking with

A

rhizomatic

47
Q

what is rhizomatic

A

reference to roots of forest and gardens that escape human cultivation and sprout out in directions of their own

48
Q

what is the real ontology/ rhizomatic nature of violent street consequently entail

A

entails the qualitative study of this life in particular contexts

49
Q
A

crime, security and justice in the city (27 decks)

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