2.3 adult criminal collaborations Flashcards
what does the impact of professioanl crime for adult criminal collaborations enable
- enabling long firm frauds
what is the impact of …. on the underworld of london + other cities in transition for expanding markets in drugs and vice
impact of deindustrialisation
what is impact of globalisation in stoking fears of
transnational organsied crime
alter scope + dynamics of opportunties for ACC
what does greater mobility and inter-generational qualities of contemproary CC facilitated by digital communications and epitomised fears about what
county lines
what are county lines
policy construct of mobile telecommunciation lines used to extend supply of narcotics outwards to new markets in smaller towns/ rurual areas using indentured adolescents to transport narcotics
what different constructs reflect ontological argumements in urban criminology over importance of adult CC
- professional crime
- deindustrialisation of the underworld
-impact of globalisation of transnational organised crime - county lines
intergenrational collaboration neighourhood crime grousp transition from what into what
transition from territorially-based youthful collaborations into adult acquisitive crime
what provides the supply of labour into adult crime groups
and where are they recruited from
working class neighbourhoods
recruited from local delinquent subculture
what do violent territorial disputes prove ideal training for
extortion and territorial domination
what do kray and richardson ffamily crime groups exmplify graduation of neighbourhood crime groups into enduring adult affiliations of professioanl crimes throug process of what
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCATION
how do fraser and hobbs 2017 capture changing conditons in contxt of british cities through refence to concepts of
PC
U
OC
- professioanl crime
- underworld
- organised crime
who coined the concept of differential association
why
edwin sutherland 1930s
to explain why certian people become drawn into criminality whilst others sharing same social conditions do not
the gradutation to associations iwht professional criminals is eptimosed by whos account
hobbs 2013 account of ‘the firm’
what is ‘the firm’ hobbs 2013
soubriquet (nickname) deliberately chosen by adult collabaorations to signify their transition from neighbourhood based rackets to more amititious ventured in illicit markets of NTE or project crimes
while horizons of collaborations expanded the control of territory remained
central
expanding horizons of professioanl collaborations epitomised by their involvement in what ?
phantom capitalism of LONG FIRM FRAUDS
what do long firm frauds entail establishment of and what is it
apparently legitimate businesses dealing in consumer durables where stock ordered over long period of time to cultuvate trust relations with suppliers
- then long frim fraud would place large order and dissapear without paying supplier to sell stock for greater personal profit
why were long firm frauds able to exist
because of boom for demand of consumer durables enabled by increases in household disposablw income and flaws in regulation of credit and commercial finance
what race is a key feature shapign adult CC between organisers and preventers of crime (edward and gills 2003)
the arms race
what is central to arms race creating and structuring criminal market
TI
SOA
CD
- technological innovations
- strategies of authorities used to deregulate thier use
- context dependency of CC
what is the underworld described by fraser and hobbs 2017
what does this mean
a transgressive annex of proletarian indsutrial culture
meaning a realm of adult criminal collaboration that is enabled by the upperworld of legitimate commerce
what do digitial financial communicatins create new opportuntiies for criminal collaboration through
hacking of online business accounts / phishing households into handing bank account details over
what 3 things altered the transition from youthful into adult criminal collaborations of wroking class neighbourhoods
D
D
G
- disruption
- displacement
- gentrifiction
what emerged to create opportunities fro CC in NTE
fluid post industrial economy organsied around services and expanding hospitality sector of bars, restaurants and clubs
- what impact did post cold war have in decreasing
- what relations did it emphasise and
- then become
- globalisation which decreased significance of international relations
- whilst emphasizing TRANSNATIONAL RELATIONS amongst cuty regions
- which became command centres
what impact did transnational organised crime have
created an increasing etxernal threat to cities from organsied crime groups trafficking humans and drugs
what criticism has transational organsied crime received and where did it emerge from
being a chaotic concept
- emerging from public policy proceses rather than social science
what did michael woodwiss 2003 call transnational organised crime
alien conspiracy theory
what were the majoriy of organised crime groups composed of what demographic rather than ethnic folk devils
local british citizens
what was organised crime invariably used as
a collective noun
inhibiting understanding of different problems of crime which could be organsied through crime scripts
what theory was no longer plausible to regard cities as self contained ecologiesx disconnected from web ofnational and global relations
chicago school theory of the city
who came up with the external threat narrative
edwards and gill 2003
where was there an increase of drug offences
provinicial towns - e.g. valleys in south wales
where was there a decrease of drug offences
consetallation of largest city regions in uk e.g. london,
midlands, manchester
what do decreasing rates of drug offences decpit
market saturation
need to expand outwards
what are the rookeries of principal english city regions extening to provinces through what business model
new pernicious illict business model
what are adolescents under a thrall of regarding county lines
fagin-like adult career criminals
what trend is a key driving force behind county lines
trends in weaponised violence to command market share for fear of punishment
what does the concept of county lines signal
the changing scope and dynamics of urban criminology in context of smart cities and emergent technoligies
continued salience of criminal categories represents a failure of what
wilful blindness to acknowledge historicaly specific changing condiitons in which crime is defined/ accomplished
- because this would be to acknowledge interests and actions of more powerful groups
what did stan cohen distinguihs between the three orders of reality in criminology
- the thing itself (crime/ security)
- speculations about this thing (various competing standpoints)
- reflections on whole enterprise (relationship between rival speculation sand thing itself)
what is meta theory
branch of social and political thought that reflects on what social relations actually exist - ontology of social life
what 3 things do fraser and hobbs crtiticse of transational organsied crime
- the gang
- the firm
- the mob
what do hallsworth and young 2008 argue about ontological politics of the gang
that a superior speculation is about ‘the street’ and kinds of privation and predation that can be found in streetlife of cities
what type of thinking do hallsworth and young 2008 use for the gang
what does this run the risk of imposing
arboreal thinking
this runs risk of imposing specious conceptual order on things rather than acknowledging what actually exists
what do hallsworth and young contrast arboreal thinking with
rhizomatic
what is rhizomatic
reference to roots of forest and gardens that escape human cultivation and sprout out in directions of their own
what is the real ontology/ rhizomatic nature of violent street consequently entail
entails the qualitative study of this life in particular contexts
