4.2 what is the impact of the threat and realities of terrorism on citizens who work and live in cities? Flashcards
9/11 is described as what
contagion of economic distress
how many jobs lost due to 9/11
1.6 million
where was there a disproportionate loss of jobs
in larger cities and those reliant on tourism
what % of people drop in visitors for large museums like smithsonian
30%
what % is domestic air travel down by since 9/11
8%
what % is international air travel down by since 9/11
20%
how much do goods cost now since 9/11
1-3% more
impact on culture describe as what effect
bin laden effect
9/11 taught us that cities do not just absorb triumphs and shocks of larger cities but also …
transmit them
what % of american cities reported their economies weakened after a month after 9/11
41%
what % of american cities reported that municpal revnues had fallen after 9/11
30%
what % of cities reported a steep drop in public confidence following 9/11
28%
how much $ of real estate developments were suspended or abandoned because unable to get insurance
15.5 billion dollars
what do politicians say about impact of terrorism
attacks on a way of life
what 3 things did mike davis say about pervasiveness of fear leads to:
- demands for more punitive responses from state
- heightened surveillance and police powers, attempts to design out crime
- policies intended to curtail threats to dominant social order
what did davis say about ‘the universal crusade to secure the city is….
… the destruction of any truly democratic space’
what does marcuse 2002 say about the post 9/11 city is bleak and characterised by widespread…
- technological surveillance
- concrete barriers
- body searches
where did mike daivs coin the term ecology of fear
in context of deterioration in relations between police and residents in inner city neighbourhoods during 1980s-1990s
what did mike davis say about the crime infested future city and that urban authorities might as well enact…
fortress style rings of steel as a counter response
what did chicago school state crime and insecurity ceased to be
ceased to be a deviation from the norm and is now the new normal
in galrand culture of control a combination of what provides conditions in which voters demand greater punishment of offenders and better management of risks of victimisation
combination of fear and pessism
which demographic flee cities to safer suburbs and rural areas
middle class
well eductaed
what does swanstrom 2002 say the main threat to cities comes not from terrorism but from?
the policy responses to terrorism that could undermine the freedom of thought and movement that are the lifebloood of cities
legislative and operational counter-terrorism can undermine what?
undermine social cohesion and alienate suspect communities
the gov counter terrorism strategy CONTEST has 4 main elements:
-pursue
- prevent
- protect
- prepare
what element of gov counter terrorism programme has been controversial in relation to alienation/ targeting muslim people
the prevent deradicalisation element
what did hillyard say about which community is a suspect community
irish community as a whole
what has pantazi and pemberton focused on for the war on terror
the way in which war on terror has emerged as principle conflict
amer and hover 2012 found that after 9/11 terror attacks arab americans were…
doubly traumatised
lucini claims that cities with high levels of what become more resilient?
- social inclusion
- social cohesion
- social participation
- social engagement
- well trained and coordinated law enforcement
