9.1 overview of green criminology Flashcards
what do criminologists study in relation to environmental harms according to white and heckenberg 2014
environmental harms that may incorporate wider definitions of crime than are provided by strictly legal definitons
what 3 aspects of environmental laws are examined by criminologists
- enforcement
- prosectution
- sentencing practices
what does environmental regulation encompass
systems of criminal, civil and adminsitrative law
- designed to manage, protect and preserve specifed environments and species
- to manage negative consequences of particualr industrial processes
what growing concerns in social sciences does study of environmetnal harms reflect
environmental degradation and climate change
how does the study of environemtnal harms move beyond traditional legal definitions of environmental crime
by focusing on a wider scope of environmental harms that damage societies
green criminology moves beyond strict legal definitions of environmental crime and towards what focus
wider focus on environmental harms which damage societies - links to broader study of harms e.g. zemiology
what does study of environmental harms extend to consider beyond human impacts
harms against non-humans such as animals, plants, ecosystems
what is the radical/ critical element in study of environmental harms
it focuses on harmful behaviour of powerful, like states and corporations, compared to traditional focus on street crimes
how does the study of environmental harms addresss issues of labelling certain harms as criminal
by drawing attention to how some harms such as illegal drug use are labelled criminal, while others like industrial pollution are not alwsys labelled as such
why is a global focus necesary in the study of environmental harms
because environmental harms do not respect national borders
what 3 typologies of green criminology
- brown issues
- green issues
- white issues
what are brown issues consisted of
- air, water and ground polluton
- toxic waste
- oil spills
what are green issues consisted of
- conservation and wildlife protection
- biodiversity and habitat loss
- acid rain
- invasive species
- logging and deforestation
what are white issues consisted of
- new technologies and labarotry practices
- animal experiments
- GM crops
- environment-related pandemics
types of green crime offenders
- economic systems
- nation states
- transnational corporations
- organized crime groups
- individuals
