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crime, security and justice in the city > 3.1 riots, protest and mass disorder in the city > Flashcards

3.1 riots, protest and mass disorder in the city Flashcards

1
Q

where is the legal definition of riots

A

section 1 of the public order act 1986

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2
Q

what is minimum amount of people for a riot

A

12

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3
Q

what does section 1 of the public order act 1986 state

A
  • 12 or more people
  • together threaten or use unlawful violence
    -for a common purpose
  • in such a way that conduct of them all together is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness at the scene to the fear for their personal safety
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4
Q

is the definition of riots neutral

A

no it can be deployed as a label to imply criminality and condemnation

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5
Q

what does tilly 2003 definition of ritos embody what judgement

A

embodies a political judgement rather than an analytical distinction
- damage-doing gatherings which they dissaprove

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6
Q

what terms do authorities use for riots (tilly 2003)

A
  • demonstration
  • protest
  • resistance
  • retaliation
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7
Q

what is an explanation for why riots happen ‘x versus x’

A

structure versus agency

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8
Q

what do sociological traditions of riot explanations focus on

A

structure: broader deeper social conditions

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9
Q

what examples for sociological explanations for riots

A
  • social inequality
  • social exclusion
  • localised histories
  • cultural traditions
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10
Q

what are psychological traditions for why riots happen
examples

A

what is distinctive about the rioters

in terms of
- rationality
- personality
- morality

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11
Q

what are contemporary social psychological approaches to explain riots

A

explore INTERACTIONAL ASPECTS of mass disorder
attempt to LOCATE some kind of COLLECTIVE IDENTITY of the crowd

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12
Q

What is a traditional psychological aporoaches in classical theories - who

A

le bon 1985

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13
Q

what did le bon saw the 19th centiry as the..

A

‘era of the crowd’ with potential to negatively transform society

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14
Q

what does le bon label with crowd as

A

a psychological entity with a collective mind

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15
Q

in le bons theory in a crowd individuals lose what

A

lose sense of self and responisbility - become SUBMERGED and feel empowered

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16
Q

when crowd members lose sense of self and self control they become subject to what ?

A

contagion - the inability to resist passing ideas/ emotions

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17
Q

le bons suggestiability is an indication of what?

A

atavism
crowd members lose their veneers of civilisation

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18
Q

what are key criticsms of classical crowd theories

A
  • decontexutalisation
  • generalisation
  • pathologisation
  • ideological slant
19
Q

what 3 things are evident in ideological slant criticsm of classical crowd theories

A
  • denial of voice
  • denial of responsibility
  • legitimised repression
20
Q

in the elaborated social identity movel STOTT 2017
- the crowd contains what?
- changes occur within what?

A
  • crowd contains many different psychological crowds with different identiies/ intentions
  • changes occur within moderate elements of the crowd
21
Q

in elaborated social identity model stott
- what treatment is there
- being treated illegitimate what happens

A
  • indiscriminate treatment of all crowd memebrs by the police
  • being treated as illegitimate the moderates begin to see themselves as oppositional
22
Q

in elaborated social identity model stott what does interaction effects between police and the crowd create

A

vicious circles

23
Q

what 4 principles for policing policy are there elaborated social identity model stott

A
  • educate
  • communicate
  • facilitate
  • differentiate
24
Q

what was the studies of US ghetto riots in late 1960s

A
  • sociological theories of crowd vioelnce
  • kerner commission 1968
25
Q

in studies of US ghetto riots in late 1960s what is emphasised

A
  • academic/ policy responses emphasised SOCIAL element of explanations
26
Q

in studies of US ghetto riots in late 1960s what are they a product of
SE
M
P
R

A
  • social exclusion
  • marginalisation
  • poverty
  • racism
27
Q

In studies of us ghetto riots in late 1960s what are riots viewed as a mechanism of

A

a mechanism of political protest

NOT as basic criminality or irrational violence

28
Q

what 4 core themes have studies of uk riots from 1980s onwards focussed on
SI
U
P
R

A
  • structural inequality
  • unemployment
  • poverty
  • racism
29
Q

what other core themes have studies of uk riots from 1980s onwards focussed on

A

experiences of policing
local cultures and histories

30
Q

in the flashpoints model what 6 things are there
S
S
C
C
I
P/I

A
  • structural
  • situational
  • cultural
  • contextual
  • interactional
  • political/ ideological
31
Q

what are 4 elements of structural flashpoints model

A
  • macro-sociological factors
  • inequality
  • powerlessness
  • social exclusion
32
Q

what does the political/ ideological aspects of flashpoints model entail

A

the way that key institutions such as police, political parties, pressure groups and media response to group concerns

33
Q

what does the cultural aspect of flashpoints model entail

A
  • shared ways of life
  • ways of viewing the world and their place in it
  • in and out group stereotypes
  • rules of behaviour
34
Q

what is the contextual aspect of the flashpoints model

A
  • processes of communication around situation
  • history of relationships with police
  • rumour and media stories
35
Q

what is the situational aspect of flashpoints model

A

specific social or physical features of the arena of disorder

36
Q

what is the interactional aspect of flashpoints model

A
  • nature and quality of interaction between police and particualr citizens at the scene
37
Q

what can a flashpoint incident/ series of incidents trigger

A

can trigger a spate of spiralling mutual violence

38
Q

what are 3 authoris that criticise flashpoints model

A
  • PAJ waddington 1991
  • bagguley and hussain 2009
  • newburn 2015
39
Q

what does PAJ waddington 1991 criticise flashpoints model for

A
  • simplistic police blaming
  • long time lag between flashpoints and riot reduces its explanatory utility
40
Q

what does bagguely and hussain 2009 criticse flashpoints model for

A
  • overgeneralization
  • homogenised notion of the crowd
  • too vague and imprecise
  • simplisitc reduction to a solitary flashpoint
41
Q

what deos newburn 2015 criticise flashpoints model for

A
  • flashpoints not clearly specified
  • focuses overly on causes of rioting (before riots happen) rather than seeing them in the round
42
Q

what does newburn 2015 suggest we need to focus on instead of before the riots happen

A
  • focus on the life cycle of riots including dynamics DURING riots
  • and penal/ policy responses that occur AFTERWARDS
43
Q
A

crime, security and justice in the city (27 decks)

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