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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 9. South West France > Flashcards

9. South West France Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two largest producing appellations of the Dordogne?

A

1) Bergerac
2) Monbazillac

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2
Q

Describe the terroir of Bergerac AOC

A

Slightly warmer and drier than Bordeaux with clay and limestone soils and some gravel

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3
Q

50% of Bergerac AOC red must be a blend of at least two of which four varieties?

A

1) Cabernet Sauvignon
2) Cabernet Franc
3) Malbec
4) Merlot

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4
Q

What are the maximum yields for Bergerac AOC?

A

1) Red - 60 hL/ha
2) White - 67 hL/ha

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5
Q

What is the higher quality sub-appellation of Bergerac?

A

Cotes de Bergerac AOC

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6
Q

Are international varieties permitted in Bergerac AOC and/or Cotes de Bergerac? (2)

A

Yes in Bergerac AOC
No in Cotes de Bergerac AOC

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7
Q

What is the maximum yield in Cotes de Bergerac AOC

A

50 hL/ha

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8
Q

Where is most Bergerac sold?

A

Domestically in supers and direct sales

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9
Q

What is the only wine style permitted in Monbazillac AOC?

A

Sweet white either botrytis or late harvest

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10
Q

Monbazillac AOC must be 80% of which four varieties?

A

1) Sauvignon Blanc
2) Semillon
3) Mucadelle
4) Sauvignon Gris

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11
Q

What is the maximum yield in Monbazillac AOC?

A

30 hL/ha

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12
Q

What winemaking choice means Monbazillac often less expensive than Sauternes?

A

Fermentation in new oak is much less common

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13
Q

What is the only French appellation where Malbec is the principal grape variety?

A

Cahors

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14
Q

What two other varieties are permitted in Cahors?

A

Tannat & Merlot

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15
Q

What are the two common types of vine training used in Cahors?

A

1) Single guyot
2) Bush

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16
Q

What are the three vineyard types in Cahors?

A

1) Flat, rich alluvial plains
2) Mid-slope of poorer soils
3) 350m plateau of limestone

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17
Q

Why does Malbec ripen more regularly in Cahors compared with Bordeaux?

A

It is warmer and drier in Cahors

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18
Q

Why is Cahors well above the average for France in organic grape growing?

A

Is experiences lower rainfall so spraying against fungal disease isn’t as often required

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19
Q

What is the minimum per cent of Malbec permitted in Cahors?

A

70%

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20
Q

Cahors may be hand- or machine-harvested, but must be what?

A

Destemmed

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21
Q

Name two significant Cahors producers

A

1) Chateau de Cedre
2) Chateau de Chambert

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22
Q

What is the principal variety of Madiran AOC?

A

Tannat

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23
Q

What is the appellation for late harvest sweet white wine that occupies the same area as Madiran AOC?

A

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC

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24
Q

Describe the climate and seasonal weather influences of Madiran (6)

A

1) Some Atlantic influence
2) High rainfall in winter and spring
3) Warm and sunny summers
4) Dry autumns
5) Warm days and cool nights
6) Hot, dry southern Fohn wind

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25
What are the predominant soil types in Madiran for age-worthy wines?
Clay and limestone with good drainage
26
What are three characteristics of Tannat in the vineyard?
1) Vigorous 2) Mid-ripening 3) Vulnerable to botrytis
27
What is the name of the local black grape variety in Madiran?
Fer aka Fer Servadou
28
Madiran AOC must be a minimum what per cent Tannat?
50%
29
What three varieties may Tannat be blended with in Madiran AOC?
1) Cabernet Sauvignon 2) Fer 3) Cabernet Franc
30
How are vines trained in Madiran AOC? (2)
1) Cordon de Royat 2) Guyot
31
Madiran may be hand- or machine-harvested, but must be what? Why?
1) Destemmed 2) To reduce the extraction of further tannins)
32
What is the maximum yield in Madiran AOC?
55 hL/ha
33
In 1991 who pioneered the technique of micro-oxygenation seeking to soften the tannins in Tannat?
Patrick Ducournau
34
What are four ways the tannins in Tannat are softened?
1) Shorter maceration times 2) Ageing in oak 3) Ageing in bottle 4) Micro-oxygenation
35
When can Madiran AOC wines be sold? Why?
1) From the beginning of November in the year following harvest 2) To allow some time for maturation prior to release
36
Name two signifiant producers of Madiran
1) Alain Brumont (Montus, Bouscasse) 2) Chateau d'Aydie
37
What is the main market for Madiran?
Domestic (80%)
38
Is Jurancon mostly sweet or dry?
70% sweet, 30% dry
39
At what altitude are Jurancon vineyards?
300m
40
What two grape varieties commonly make up Jurancon and must make up 50% of a Jurancon wine?
1) Petit Manseng 2) Gros Manseng
41
What are the three styles of Jurancon?
1) Vendanges Tardives 2) Jurancon 3) Jurancon Sec
42
What is the climate of Jurancon?
Mild and humid with high annual rainfall (1,200mm)
43
In what direction do the best Jurancon vineyards face?
South and south-west
44
Describe how the Fohn wind benefits Jurancon
It is a hot and dry wind that blows in spring and autumn drying the air and ventilating the canopy as well as boosting temperatures
45
What are the four soils found in Jurancon?
Limestone, sand, clay, stones
46
Why are vines trained high in Jurancon? (2)
1) To mitigate risk of frost 2) To allow sufficient canopy to produce the high levels of sugar required for the sweeter wine styles
47
Describe Petit Manseng in the vineyard (4)
1) Early budding 2) Mid- to late-ripening 3) Thick skins 4) Open bunches
48
How is the sweetness for Jurancon's sweet styles achieved?
Multiple passes of over ripe/late harvest passerillage fruit
49
Gros Manseng has similar characteristics to Petit Manseng except it...
Yields higher with less aromatic concentration/flavour intensity
50
Gros Manseng is typically used for what Jurancon wine style
Jurancon Sec
51
What is the maximum yield of Jurancon Sec?
60 hL/ha
52
What is the maximum yield of Jurancon and Jurancon VT?
40 hL/ha
53
What is the minimum r/s of Jurancon?
40 g/l
54
What is the minimum r/s of Jurancon VT?
55 g/l
55
How many IGPs are there in south-west France?
14
56
What is the largest IGP in south-west France?
IGP Cotes de Gascogne
57
What are the three principal grape varieties in IGP Cotes de Gascogne?
Colombard, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
58
What vineyard practice may increase cost of production of Jurancon?
Some slopes are steep enough to require terracing that will allows for drainage to offset the humid climate
59
What are the five AOCs and one IGP of SW France north to south
1) Bergerac (east of BDX) 2) Monbazillac (within the southern half of Bergerac south of the Dordogne) 3) Cahors (south east of BDX/Bergerac) 4) Cotes de Gascogne (south of BDX) 5) Madiran 6) Jurancon
60
Does Cahors see more or less rainfall than Bordeaux? Why?
1) Less 2) The Atlantic influence diminishes further inland
61
Bergerac and Monbazillac fall within which overarching region named after the river that runs through?
Dordogne
62
What four styles of wine are made in Bergerac?
1) Red 2) Rose 3) Dry and sweet white
63
Cotes de Bergerac is principally what variety?
Merlot
64
What is the name of the vineyard that runs through Cahors?
River Lot
65
Malbec is susceptible to what?
Coulure
66
Cahors intended for early drinking tend to spend how long on skins?
7-10 days for limited tannin extraction
67
Cahors intended for ageing tend to spend how long on skins?
15-25 days for greater extraction of flavour and tannin
68
What is Madiran's production split?
50% private growers and 50% co-ops
69
Grapes for Jurancon VT must not be picked before what date?
2 November
70
What winemaking decision adds to the cost of premium Jurancon sweet styles?
Fermentation in barriques
71
Is MLC encouraged in Jurancon sweet styles? Why?
1) No 2) The pH is too low and the acidity is too high

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (42 decks)

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