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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 20.2 Spain - Castilla y Leon > Flashcards

20.2 Spain - Castilla y Leon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four key DOs of Castilla y León?

A

1) Bierzo DO
2) Ribera del Duero DO
3) Rueda DO
4) Toro DO

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2
Q

What is the climate of Bierzo?

A

Continental but with maritime influences due to being open to the west (the other three sides are bordered by mountains or hills

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3
Q

What is the key black grape of Bierzo?

A

Mencia

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4
Q

When does Mencia ripen?

A

Early to mid

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5
Q

Bierzo reds must be what per cent Mencia with the remaining per cent what variety?

A

1) 70%
2) Alicante Bouschet

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6
Q

Describe the terroir of the better vineyards of Bierzo

A

On the hillside slopes at 500–850m with good drainage of shallow, poor slate soils

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7
Q

What form of vine training is common in Bierzo?

A

Bush

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8
Q

What are two contributing factors to Bierzo DO’s low yields?

A

1) Poor nutrient, free-draining soils
2) High percentage of old bush vines

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9
Q

What are the soils of the lower slopes and plains of Bierzo?

A

Fertile silty loam soils

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10
Q

Name two key producers of Bierzo

A

Descendientes de J. Palacios
Raul Perez.

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11
Q

Why is machine harvesting uncommon in Bierzo?

A

Almost 2,400 ha is planted, and tended by just over 1,100 growers, many with very small plots.

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12
Q

What river runs through Toro DO?

A

River Duero

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13
Q

How many DOs are there in Castilla y Leon?

A

Nine

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14
Q

What is the climate of Toro DO and why?

A

1) Continental with hot summers and cold winters
2) It is located far inland at altitudes of 620-750m)

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15
Q

Given Toro DO’s location, what is a climatic concern?

A

Spring frost

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16
Q

What is the main grape of Toro DO?

A

Tinta de Toro

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17
Q

Tinta de Toro is thought by some to be a form of Tempranillo. What is the main difference between how its grown in Toro DO compared with the rest of Spain?

A

Due to the intensity of the sun, it is thought to have thicker skins resulting in greater colour and high tannin levels

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18
Q

Red wines must be what minimum per cent Tinta de Toro?

A

75%

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19
Q

What other variety is permitted in Toro DO red wines?

A

Garnacha

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20
Q

Toro DO rose is made from which two varieties?

A

1) Tinta de Toro
2) Garnacha

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21
Q

Toro DO whites are made from which two varieties?

A

1) Malvasia
2) Verdejo

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22
Q

When is irrigation disallowed in Toro DO?

A

From June until after harvest

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23
Q

How do Toro DO growers combat the limited water of the region?

A

By planting low density bush vineyards with a low number of bunches per vine

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24
Q

What is the main soil type of Toro DO?

A

Sand

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25
Q

Where might vines be planted in Toro DO to combat the intense sun? (2)

A

1) To the west of the region where the altitude is higher
2) On north-facing slopes

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26
Q

Care must be taken in Toro DO not to overripen the fruit as the Consejo limits the maximum alcohol to what ABV?

A

15%

27
Q

Name two high quality Toro DO producers

A

1) Teso La Monja
2) Numanthia

28
Q

What has historically hampered Toro DOs sales?

A

Its location far from major cities and ports

29
Q

What has contributed to the growth of Toro DO?

A

The success of Ribera del Duero prompted investors to show interest in the region

30
Q

What was the first winery to be established in Ribera de Duero?

A

Vega Sicilia

31
Q

When was the Ribera del Duero DO founded?

A

1982

32
Q

What wine is credited with encouraging the expansion of the Ribera del Duero DO?

A

Alejandro Fernandez’s ‘Pesquera’

33
Q

Ribera del Duero has seen rapid expansion since the 1980s with many producers now making their own wine rather than sending to co-operatives. What is a danger of such growth?

A

The overall quality of production from the region could be diluted by inexperienced winemakers or lower quality fruit

34
Q

What is the climate of Ribera del Duero?

A

Continental with hotter summers and colder winters compared with Toro DO

35
Q

What is the altitude range of Ribera del Duero?

A

750-1,000m

36
Q

When are frosts a problem in Ribera del Duero and what are the consequences?

A

1) Spring and autumn
2) It limits the time the grapes can be left on the vine with the potential for serious yield reduction

37
Q

Is irrigation permitted in Ribera del Duero?

A

Yes, but not during ripening

38
Q

Which area of Ribera del Duero is the higher altitude?

A

The east

39
Q

What is the local synonym for Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero?

A

Tinto Fino

40
Q

How are the majority of Ribera del Duero vines planted?

A

Bush with newer vineyards being trellises to establish quicker

41
Q

In what year was is made possible to produce white wine in Ribera del Duero?

A

2019

42
Q

What is the local white variety of Ribera del Duero and what per cent must be included in the region’s white wines?

A

1) Albillo Mayor
2) 75%

43
Q

The red wines of Ribera del Duero must be what per cent Tempranillo?

A

75%

44
Q

Besides Tempranillo what five other varieties may be included in a red wine?

A

1) Cabernet Sauvignon
2) Merlot
3) Malbec
4) Garnacha
5) Albillo

45
Q

Besides Vega Sicilia, name two other significant producers of Ribera del Duero

A

1) Dominio de Pingus
2) Bodegas Aalto

46
Q

What is the most common ageing category produced in Ribera del Duero?

A

Crianza

47
Q

What oak is commonly used in Ribera del Duero?

A

French

48
Q

Historically, Rueda was known for producing what style of wine?

A

Oxidative fortified wines

49
Q

What is the climate of Rueda?

A

Continental with hot, dry summers and cold winters

50
Q

What is the altitude of Rueda?

A

700-800m

51
Q

What are the soils in Rueda?

A

Limestone bedrock with sandy clay subsoil with a stone or sandy topsoil

52
Q

What is the key grape variety of Rueda?

A

Verdejo

53
Q

What other white variety may be blended with Verdejo or produced on its own?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

54
Q

Name two significant producers of Rueda DO

A

1) Ossian
2) Bodega Belondrade y Lurton

55
Q

How are inexpensive Rueda DO wines handled in the winery?

A

Protective winemaking at cool temperatures in stainless steel

56
Q

Mid-priced Rueda might have undergone what winemaking technique?

A

Lees stirring for added texture and body

57
Q

A winery’s flagship Rueda might have undergone what winemaking technique?

A

Fermentation and/or oak maturation

58
Q

Is MLC encouraged at any Rueda price level?

A

No

59
Q

If a wine is labelled DO Rueda-Verdejo, it must contain what per cent Verdejo?

A

85%

60
Q

If a wine is labelled DO Rueda-Verdejo what might it signify?

A

It’s the producer’s top cuvee

61
Q

What is the production and sales trend of Rueda DO?

A

4x growth mainly driven by domestic consumption

62
Q

Producers from which two regions also make Rueda DO as part of their white portfolio?

A

Rioja
Ribera del Duero

63
Q

What is the climate of Castilla y Leon VT and why?

A

Continental due to its location north of the meseta and subsequent protection from the Atlantic

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (27 decks)

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