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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 29. Argentina > Flashcards

29. Argentina Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does Argentina have a high rate of domestic consumption?

A

Generations of European immigration

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2
Q

What three general factors make Argentina suitable for grape growing

A

1) High altitude
2) Low latitude
3) Irrigation availability

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3
Q

What are the three pink criolla varieties important for domestic sales and consumption?

A

1) Cereza
2) Criolla Grande
3) Criolla Chica (Pais)

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4
Q

What is Argentina’s general climate?

A

Continental - hot and dry in Andean rain shadow

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5
Q

What are the two extreme north and south regions?

A

North - Salta
South - Rio Negro

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6
Q

What is the Zonda and what does it do?

A

A strong, hot and dry wind in late spring/early summer that lowers humidity/disease pressure, but can induce water stress/affect fruit set and flowering

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7
Q

What are the three key weather threats, particularly in Mendoza

A

1) Hail
2) Spring frost
3) Summer rain

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8
Q

How is hail mitigated (2)

A

1) Netting
2) Owning plots across the region

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9
Q

What are Argentina’s three common soil types?

A

1) Andes - alluvial with calcarious deposits
2) Central - Gravel/sand/silt in centre
3) Lower lying - deep loam-clay higher in nutrients

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10
Q

What is the most common form of irrigation?

A

Flood

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11
Q

How and why is irrigation timing important?

A

More in winter and less in summer to replicate weather patterns and to ensure the roots grow and depth while preventing excessive vigour in favour of fruit development

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12
Q

What is the traditional training system and why?

A

1) Pergola
2) Fruit is trained high away from ground heat and the canopy provides shade

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13
Q

What are the main four black varieties?

A

1) Malbec
2) Bonarda
3) Cabernet Sauvignon
4) Syrah

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14
Q

Describe Malbec in the vineyard (2)

A

1) Mid-ripening
2) Vigorous

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15
Q

Describe Bonarda in the vineyard (2)

A

1) Late ripening
2) High yielding

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16
Q

Where is Bonarda mainly planted? (2)

A

San Juan and warmer Mendoza

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17
Q

Why is careful site selection required for Cabernet Sauvignon in Argentina compared with Malbec?

A

It is more susceptible to extremes of temperature than Malbec

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18
Q

Where is Syrah mostly planted? (2)

A

Hotter Mendoza and San Juan

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19
Q

What six other black varieties are planted?

A

1) Cabernet Franc
2) Tempranillo
3) Merlot
4) Pinot Noir
5) Petit Verdot
6) Tannat

20
Q

What are the three key white plantings?

A

1) Pedrio Gimenez
2) Torrontes
3) Chardonnay

21
Q

Torrontes is a cross of what two varieties?

A

1) Muscat of Alexandria
2) Criolla Chica

22
Q

Describe Torrontes in the vineyard (2)

A

Early ripening
High yielding

23
Q

What are the two best areas for Torrontes?

A

1) Cafayete (Salta)
2) Uco (Mendoza)

24
Q

What four other white varieties are planted?

A

1) Chenin Blanc
2) Semillon
3) Sauvignon Blanc
4) Viognier

25
Q

What are Argentina’s two DOCs?

A

1) Lujan de Cuyo
2) San Rafael

26
Q

What is Argentina’s GI structure? (6)

A

Region
Province
Sub-region
Department
District
GI inside district

27
Q

What are the three regional quality tiers in Argentina?

A

1) IP - Indicacion de Procedencia
2) IG - Indicacion Geografica
3) DOC

28
Q

What are the reserva requirements for Argeantina’s wines? (2)

A

1) White/rose - six months
2) Red - 12 months

29
Q

What are the gran reserva requirements for Argeantina’s wines? (2)

A

1) White/rose - 12 months
2) Red - 24 months

30
Q

Northern and eastern Mendoza are mostly known for what style?

A

Inexpensive, high volume

31
Q

What are two prestigious departments of Central Mendoza?

A

1) Lujan de Cuyo
2) Maipu

32
Q

Of Lujan de Cuyo and Maipu, which is at greater elevation?

A

Lujan de Cuyo

33
Q

Where are Mendoza’s highest sites?

A

Gualtallary > Tupungato > Uco Valley

34
Q

What are three deparments of Uco Valley?

A

1) Tupungato
2) Tunutan
3) San Carlos

35
Q

What factors contribute to Uco Valley being considered so highly?

A

1) Altitude & latitude
2) Large diurnal range with intense sunshine

36
Q

What is distinctive about Gualtallary besides altitude?

A

Limestone soils

37
Q

What is most distinctive about Gualtallary Malbec? (3)

A

Lighter body, higher acid, herbal complexity

38
Q

What is San Carlos’s GI?

A

Paraje Altamira - an alluvial fan with high presence of calcium carbonate at 1,200masl

39
Q

Describe Southern Mendoza and its wines

A

1) Further south so cooler with a longer summer
2) Mid-weight with slower sugar accumulation and greater acid retention

40
Q

Why is land under vine in San Juan falling?

A

Decline in consumption of inexpensive pink varieties

41
Q

La Rioja is best know for what wine style?

A

High volume, inexpensive Torrontes, Syrah and Malbec

42
Q

What’s the name and importance of Salta’s river?

A

1) Calchaqui
2) Essential for irrigation in the desert-like conditions

43
Q

The low latitude of Salta means what for the growing environment and fruit?

A

Intense sunlight leading to grapes with high anthocyanins and tannins

44
Q

How do vines in Salta protect their fruit from from wind?

A

Reduce yields and thicker skins creating full-bodied, concentrated wines of freshness due to altitude

45
Q

Describe Patagonia (4)

A

1) Higher latitude
2) Lower altitude
3) Low rainfall
4) Longer, less intense growing season

46
Q

What are two provinces of Patagonia?

A

1) Rio Negro
2) Nequeri

47
Q

What are the two main viticultural hazards in Patagonia?

A

1) Strong winds
2) Drought

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (40 decks)

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